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Pronunciation |
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(KAF
een, SIT
rated) |
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Generic
Available |
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Yes |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Respiratory Stimulant; Stimulant |
|
|
Use |
|
Central nervous system stimulant; used in the treatment of idiopathic apnea
of prematurity. Has several advantages over theophylline in the treatment of
neonatal apnea, its half-life is about 3 times as long, allowing once daily
dosing, drug levels do not need to be drawn at peak and trough; has a wider
therapeutic window, allowing more room between an effective concentration and
toxicity. |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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B |
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to caffeine or any component |
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Adverse
Reactions |
|
>10%:
Central nervous system: Insomnia, restlessness, agitation, irritability,
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, gastric irritation |
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
CYP1A2, 2E1, and 3A3/4 enzyme substrate
Increased effects/levels of caffeine: Cimetidine, oral contraceptives,
disulfiram, phenylpropanolamine, quinolones
Increased effects/levels of theophylline, beta-agonists (increased positive
inotropic and chronotropic effects) |
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|
Usual Dosage |
|
Apnea of prematurity: Oral:
Maintenance dose: 5-10 mg/kg/day as caffeine citrate (2.5-5 mg/kg/day as
caffeine base) once daily starting 24 hours after the loading dose. Maintenance
dose is adjusted based on patient's response, (efficacy and adverse effects),
and serum caffeine concentrations. |
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|
Administration |
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I.V. push over 3-5 minutes; maximum concentration: 10
mg/mL |
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|
Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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May cause anxiety, restlessness, agitation, and insomnia |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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None reported |
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|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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No effects or complications reported |
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Nursing
Implications |
|
Monitor serum caffeine concentrations, blood pressure, heart
rate |
|
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Dosage Forms |
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Injection: 3 mL vials containing 20 mg/mL (total of 60 mg) caffeine citrate
(equivalent to 10 mg/mL caffeine base) |
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