|
Pronunciation |
|
(sul
fa SEE ta mide SOW dee
um) |
|
|
U.S. Brand
Names |
|
AK-Sulf® Ophthalmic; Bleph®-10
Ophthalmic; Cetamide® Ophthalmic; Isopto® Cetamide®
Ophthalmic; Klaron® Lotion; Ocusulf-10® Ophthalmic;
Sebizon® Topical Lotion; Sodium Sulamyd® Ophthalmic;
Sulf-10®
Ophthalmic |
|
|
Generic
Available |
|
Yes |
|
|
Synonyms |
|
Sodium Sulfacetamide |
|
|
Pharmacological Index |
|
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic; Antibiotic, Sulfonamide Derivative |
|
|
Use |
|
Treatment and prophylaxis of conjunctivitis due to susceptible organisms;
corneal ulcers; adjunctive treatment with systemic sulfonamides for therapy of
trachoma; topical application in scaling dermatosis (seborrheic); bacterial
infections of the skin |
|
|
Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
|
C |
|
|
Contraindications |
|
Hypersensitivity to sulfacetamide or any component, sulfonamides; infants
<2 months of age |
|
|
Warnings/Precautions |
|
Inactivated by purulent exudates containing PABA; use with caution in severe
dry eye; ointment may retard corneal epithelial healing; sulfite in some
products may cause hypersensitivity reactions; cross-sensitivity may occur with
previous exposure to other sulfonamides given by other
routes |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
1% to 10%: Local: Irritation, stinging, burning
<1%: Headache, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, blurred vision, browache, hypersensitivity reactions
|
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
Decreased effect: Silver, gentamicin (antagonism) |
|
|
Stability |
|
Protect from light; discolored solution should not be used;
incompatible with silver and zinc sulfate; sulfacetamide is inactivated by
blood or purulent exudates |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Interferes with bacterial growth by inhibiting bacterial folic acid synthesis
through competitive antagonism of PABA |
|
|
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Half-life: 7-13 hours
Elimination: When absorbed, excreted primarily in urine as unchanged drug
|
|
|
Usual Dosage |
|
Children >2 months and Adults: Ophthalmic:
Ointment: Apply to lower conjunctival sac 1-4 times/day and at bedtime
Solution: Instill 1-3 drops several times daily up to every 2-3 hours in
lower conjunctival sac during waking hours and less frequently at night
Children >12 years and Adults: Topical:
Seborrheic dermatitis: Apply at bedtime and allow to remain overnight; in
severe cases, may apply twice daily
Secondary cutaneous bacterial infections: Apply 2-4 times/day until infection
clears |
|
|
Monitoring
Parameters |
|
Response to therapy |
|
|
Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
|
None reported |
|
|
Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
|
None reported |
|
|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
|
Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
|
Patient
Information |
|
Use as directed. Complete full course of therapy even if condition appears
improved.
Ophthalmic: For ophthalmic use only. Store at room temperature. Shake before
using. Apply prescribed amount as often as directed. Wash hands before using and
do not let tip of applicator touch eye or contaminate tip of applicator. Tilt
head back and look upward. Gently pull down lower lid and put drop(s) in inner
corner of eye. Close eye and roll eyeball in all directions. Do not blink for
1/2
minute. Apply gentle pressure to inner corner of eye for 30 seconds. Wipe away
excess from skin around eye. Do not use any other eye preparation for at least
10 minutes. Do not touch tip of applicator to eye or contaminate tip of
applicator. Do not share medication with anyone else. May cause sensitivity to
bright light (dark glasses may help); temporary stinging or blurred vision may
occur. Inform prescriber if you experience eye pain, redness, burning, watering,
dryness, double vision, puffiness around eye, vision disturbances, or other
adverse eye response; worsening of condition or lack of improvement within 3-4
days.
Pregnancy/breast-feeding precautions: Inform prescriber if you are
pregnant. Consult prescriber if breast-feeding. |
|
|
Nursing
Implications |
|
Assess whether patient can adequately instill drops or
ointment |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
|
Lotion: 10% (59 mL, 85 mL)
Ointment, ophthalmic: 10% (3.5 g)
Solution, ophthalmic: 10% (1 mL, 2 mL, 2.5 mL, 5 mL, 15 mL); 15% (5 mL, 15
mL); 30% (15 mL) |
|
|
References |
|
Lohr JA, Austin RD, Grossman M, et al,
"Comparison of Three Topical Antimicrobials for Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis,"
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 1988, 7(9):626-9.
|
|
Copyright © 1978-2000 Lexi-Comp Inc. All Rights Reserved
|