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Pronunciation |
|
(PI
per a
zeen) |
|
|
Generic
Available |
|
Yes |
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|
Synonyms |
|
Piperazine Citrate |
|
|
Pharmacological Index |
|
Anthelmintic |
|
|
Use |
|
Treatment of pinworm and roundworm infections (used as an alternative to
first-line agents, mebendazole, or pyrantel pamoate) |
|
|
Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
|
B |
|
|
Contraindications |
|
Seizure disorders, liver or kidney impairment, hypersensitivity to piperazine
or any component |
|
|
Warnings/Precautions |
|
Use with caution in patients with anemia or malnutrition; avoid prolonged use
especially in children |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
<1%: Dizziness, vertigo, weakness, seizures, EEG changes, headache,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, visual impairment,
hypersensitivity reactions, bronchospasms |
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
Pyrantel pamoate (antagonistic mode of action) |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Causes muscle paralysis of the roundworm by blocking the effects of
acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction |
|
|
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Absorption: Well absorbed from GI tract
Time to peak serum concentration: 1 hour
Elimination: Excreted in urine as metabolites and unchanged drug
|
|
|
Usual Dosage |
|
Oral:
Roundworms:
Children: 75 mg/kg/day as a single daily dose for 2 days; maximum: 3.5 g/day
Adults: 3.5 g/day for 2 days (in severe infections, repeat course, after a
1-week interval) |
|
|
Monitoring
Parameters |
|
Stool exam for worms and ova |
|
|
Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
|
May cause dizziness |
|
|
Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
|
May cause seizures; use caution with high-dose clozapine |
|
|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
|
Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
|
Patient
Information |
|
Take on empty stomach; if severe or persistent headache, loss of balance or
coordination, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash occurs, contact physician.
If used for pinworm infections, all members of the family should be
treated. |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
|
Syrup, as citrate: 500 mg/5 mL (473 mL, 4000 mL)
Tablet, as citrate: 250 mg |
|
|
References |
|
"Drugs for Parasitic Infections," Med Lett Drugs Ther, 1993,
35(911):111-22. |
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