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Pilocarpine and Epinephrine
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Canadian Brand Names
Synonyms
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Adverse Reactions
Stability
Usual Dosage
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
Patient Information
Nursing Implications
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(pye loe KAR peen & ep i NEF rin)

U.S. Brand Names
E-Pilo-x® Ophthalmic; PxEx® Ophthalmic

Generic Available

No


Canadian Brand Names
E-Pilo®

Synonyms
Epinephrine and Pilocarpine

Pharmacological Index

Ophthalmic Agent, Antiglaucoma; Ophthalmic Agent, Miotic


Use

Treatment of glaucoma; counter effect of cycloplegics


Pregnancy Risk Factor

C


Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to pilocarpine, epinephrine, or any component; acute inflammatory disease of anterior chamber


Adverse Reactions

1% to 10%:

Central nervous system: Headache

Dermatologic: Stinging, itching

Gastrointestinal: Salivation

Hematologic: Vitreous hemorrhages

Ocular: Miosis, ciliary spasm, blurred vision, retinal detachment, lacrimation, photophobia, acute iritis

Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity reactions


Stability

Store at 8°C to 30°C (46°F to 86°F); keep tightly closed; do not use solution if it is brown or contains a precipitate; protect from heat and light


Usual Dosage

Instill 1-2 drops up to 6 times/day


Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status

None reported


Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment

Pilocarpine may antagonize the effects of anticholinergic and produce cardiac conduction abnormalities in patients receiving beta-blockers


Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions

No information available to require special precautions


Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment

No effects or complications reported


Patient Information

See individual agents. Pregnancy/breast-feeding precautions: Inform prescriber if you are or intend to get pregnant. Consult prescriber if breast-feeding.


Nursing Implications

Usually causes difficulty in dark adaptation; advise patients to use caution while night driving or performing hazardous tasks in poor illumination


Dosage Forms

Solution, ophthalmic: Epinephrine bitartrate 1% and pilocarpine hydrochloride 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 6% (15 mL)


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