| Pronunciation |
 (OH
pee um AL ka
loyds) |
 |
| U.S. Brand Names |
| Pantopon® |
|
| Generic Available |
|
Yes |
|
| Pharmacological Index |
|
Analgesic, Narcotic |
|
| Use |
|
Relief of severe pain |
|
| Restrictions |
|
C-II |
|
| Pregnancy Risk Factor |
|
B (D if used for prolonged periods or in high doses at term) |
|
| Contraindications |
|
Hypersensitivity to opium alkaloids |
|
| Adverse Reactions |
|
>10%: Cardiovascular: Hypotension Central nervous system: Fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness 1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Nervousness, headache, restlessness, malaise, confusion Gastrointestinal: Stomach cramps, xerostomia, constipation, anorexia, biliary spasm Genitourinary: Decreased urination, ureteral spasms Local: Pain at injection site Respiratory: Troubled breathing, shortness of breath |
|
| Drug Interactions |
|
CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors may potentiate adverse effects |
|
| Usual Dosage |
|
Adults: I.M., S.C.: 5-20 mg every 4-5 hours |
|
| Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status |
|
Drowsiness and dizziness are common; may cause nervousness or restlessness; may rarely cause depression or hallucinations |
|
| Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment |
|
MAOIs may potentiate the effects of opioids |
|
| Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
| Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
1% to 10% of patients will experience significant dry mouth |
|
| Nursing Implications |
|
Observe patient for excessive sedation, respiratory depression, implement safety measures, assist with ambulation |
|
| Dosage Forms |
|
Injection: 20 mg/mL (1 mL) |
|
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