Calcium Channel Blocker

Acute apoplectic stroke; intracranial hemorrhage; raised intracranial pressure

Cardiovascular: Flushing, tachycardia, edema, hypotension, ectopy (ventricular), shock, chest pain, angina, palpitations, sinus tachycardia, arrhythmias (ventricular)

Central nervous system: Headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, insomnia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea

Ocular: Oscillopsia

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent with properties similar to nifedipine

Protein binding: 98%

Distribution: V_d: 24-40 L/kg

Bioavailability: Oral: 14% to 19%

Half-life: 9.8-18.2 hours

Elimination: Renal; clearance: 1.08 L/kg/hour

Hypertension: 4-16 mg/day; reduce dosage to a maximum dose of 8 mg in patients with cirrhosis or with concomitant use with cimetidine

Cerebrovascular disease: 2-4 mg twice daily

Angina pectoris: 8-16 mg/day

Nilvadipine alone or in combination with other agents may be used in the management of hypertension and angina. Nilvadipine should be avoided in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction because of negative inotropic effects.