| Pronunciation |
 (ni
KLOE sa
mide) |
 |
| U.S. Brand Names |
| Niclocide® |
|
| Generic Available |
|
No |
|
| Pharmacological Index |
|
Anthelmintic |
|
| Use |
|
Treatment of intestinal beef and fish tapeworm infections and dwarf tapeworm infections |
|
| Pregnancy Risk Factor |
|
B |
|
| Contraindications |
|
Known hypersensitivity to niclosamide |
|
| Warnings/Precautions |
|
Affects cestodes of the intestine only; it is without effect in cysticercosis |
|
| Adverse Reactions |
|
1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea <1%: Rash, pruritus ani, oral irritation, fever, rectal bleeding, weakness, bad taste in mouth, diaphoresis, palpitations, constipation, alopecia, edema in the arm, backache |
|
| Overdosage/Toxicology |
|
Signs and symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, anorexia In the event of an overdose, do not administer ipecac |
|
| Drug Interactions |
|
No data reported |
|
| Mechanism of Action |
|
Inhibits the synthesis of ATP through inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of cestodes |
|
| Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Absorption: Oral: Not significantly absorbed Metabolism: Not appreciably metabolized by mammalian host, but may be metabolized in GI tract by the worm Elimination: Excreted in feces |
|
| Usual Dosage |
|
Oral: Children: 11-34 kg: 1 g (2 tablets) as a single dose >34 kg: 1.5 g (3 tablets) as a single dose Adults: 2 g (4 tablets) in a single dose May require a second course of treatment 7 days later Dwarf tapeworm: Children: 11-34 g: 1 g (2 tablets) chewed thoroughly in a single dose the first day, then 500 mg/day (1 tablet) for next 6 days >34 g: 1.5 g (3 tablets) in a single dose the first day, then 1 g/day for 6 days Adults: 2 g (4 tablets) in a single daily dose for 7 days |
|
| Monitoring Parameters |
|
Stool cultures |
|
| Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status |
|
May cause drowsiness or dizziness |
|
| Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment |
|
None reported |
|
| Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
| Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
| Patient Information |
|
Chew tablets thoroughly; tablets can be pulverized and mixed with water to form a paste for administration to children; can be taken with food; a mild laxative can be used for constipation |
|
| Nursing Implications |
|
Administer a laxative 2-3 hours after the niclosamide dose if treating Taenia solium infections to prevent the development of cysticercosis |
|
| Dosage Forms |
|
Tablet, chewable (vanilla flavor): 500 mg |
|
| References |
|
"Drugs for Parasitic Infections," Med Lett Drugs Ther, 1993, 35(911):111-22. |
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