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Vitamin A (Retinol) | ||
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Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | ||
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| Pronunciation |
 (nee
oh MYE sin, pol i MIKS in bee,
& gram i SYE din) |
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| U.S. Brand Names |
| AK-Spore® Ophthalmic Solution; Neosporin® Ophthalmic Solution |
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| Generic Available |
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Yes |
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| Synonyms |
| gramicidin, neomycin, and polymyxin b; polymyxin b, neomycin, and gramicidin |
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| Pharmacological Index |
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Antibiotic, Ophthalmic |
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| Use |
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Treatment of superficial ocular infection, infection prophylaxis in minor skin abrasions |
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| Pregnancy Risk Factor |
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C |
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| Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to neomycin, polymyxin B, gramicidin or any component |
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| Warnings/Precautions |
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Symptoms of neomycin sensitization include itching, reddening, edema, failure to heal; prolonged use may result in glaucoma, defects in visual acuity, posterior subcapsular cataract formation, and secondary ocular infections |
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| Adverse Reactions |
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1% to 10%: Dermatologic: Itching Local: Reddening, failure to heal Ocular: Low grade conjunctivitis |
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| Drug Interactions |
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No data reported |
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| Mechanism of Action |
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Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunits; binds to phospholipids, alters permeability, and damages the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane permitting leakage of intracellular constituents |
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| Usual Dosage |
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Children and Adults: Ophthalmic: Instill 1-2 drops 4-6 times/day or more frequently as required for severe infections |
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| Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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| Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment |
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No effects or complications reported |
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| Patient Information |
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Tilt head back, place medication in conjunctival sac, and close eyes; apply finger pressure on lacrimal sac for 1 minute following instillation |
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| Nursing Implications |
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Tilt head back, place medication in conjunctival sac, and close eyes; apply finger pressure on lacrimal sac for 1 minute following instillation |
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| Dosage Forms |
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Solution, ophthalmic: Neomycin sulfate 1.75 mg, polymyxin B sulfate 10,000 units, and gramicidin 0.025 mg per mL (2 mL, 10 mL) |
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