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Pronunciation |
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(met
i PRAN oh
lol) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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OptiPranolol®
Ophthalmic |
|
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Generic
Available |
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No |
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Synonyms |
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Metipranolol Hydrochloride |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Beta Blocker, Nonselective; Ophthalmic Agent, Antiglaucoma |
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|
Use |
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Agent for lowering intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle
glaucoma |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
|
C |
|
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Contraindications |
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Bronchial asthma, sinus bradycardia, second and third degree A-V block,
cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, hypersensitivity to betaxolol or any
component, pregnancy |
|
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Warnings/Precautions |
|
Use with caution in patients with cardiac failure or diabetes mellitus,
asthma, bradycardia, or A-V block |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
>10%: Ocular: Mild ocular stinging and discomfort, eye irritation
1% to 10%: Ocular: Blurred vision, browache
<1%: Bradycardia, A-V block, congestive heart failure, erythema, weakness,
conjunctivitis, blepharitis, tearing, itching eyes, keratitis, photophobia,
decreased corneal sensitivity, bronchospasm |
|
|
Overdosage/Toxicology |
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Symptoms of overdose include bradycardia, hypotension, A-V block
Sympathomimetics (eg, epinephrine or dopamine), glucagon or a pacemaker can
be used to treat the toxic bradycardia, asystole, and/or hypotension; initially,
fluids may be the best treatment for toxic hypotension |
|
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Drug
Interactions |
|
No data reported |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent; lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
and membrane-stabilizing effects and possesses only slight local anesthetic
activity; mechanism of action of metipranolol in reducing intraocular pressure
appears to be via reduced production of aqueous humor. This effect may be
related to a reduction in blood flow to the iris root-ciliary body. It remains
unclear if the reduction in intraocular pressure observed with beta-blockers is
actually secondary to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. |
|
|
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Onset of action: less than or equal to 30 minutes
Maximum effects: ~2 hours
Duration of action: Intraocular pressure reduction has persisted for 24 hours
following ocular instillation
Metabolism: Rapid and complete to deacetyl metipranolol, an active metabolite
Half-life, elimination: ~3 hours |
|
|
Usual Dosage |
|
Ophthalmic: Adults: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) twice
daily |
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|
Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
|
None reported |
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|
Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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None reported |
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|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
|
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
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Patient
Information |
|
Intended for twice daily dosing; keep eye open and do not blink for 30
seconds after instillation; wear sunglasses to avoid photophobic
discomfort |
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Nursing
Implications |
|
Monitor for systemic effect of beta-blockade |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
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Solution, ophthalmic, as hydrochloride: 0.3% (5 mL, 10
mL) |
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