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Magnesium Gluconate
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Pharmacological Index
Use
Contraindications
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Usual Dosage
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(mag NEE zhum GLOO koe nate)

U.S. Brand Names
Magonate®[OTC]

Generic Available

Yes


Pharmacological Index

Magnesium Salt


Use

Dietary supplement for treatment of magnesium deficiencies


Contraindications

Patients with heart block; severe renal disease


Adverse Reactions

1% to 10%: Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (excessive dose)


Drug Interactions

Increased effect of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers

Decreased absorption of aminoquinolones, digoxin, nitrofurantoin, penicillamine, and tetracyclines may occur with magnesium salts


Mechanism of Action

Magnesium is important as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions in the body involving protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, (at least 300 enzymatic reactions require magnesium). Actions on lipoprotein lipase have been found to be important in reducing serum cholesterol and on sodium/potassium ATPase in promoting polarization (ie, neuromuscular functioning).


Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Absorption: Oral: 15% to 30%


Usual Dosage

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium is 4.5 mg/kg which is a total daily allowance of 350-400 mg for adult men and 280-300 mg for adult women. During pregnancy the RDA is 300 mg and during lactation the RDA is 355 mg.

Children: 3-6 mg/kg/day in divided doses 3-4 times/day; maximum: 400 mg/day

Adults: 54-483 mg/day in divided doses; refer to product labeling

Dosing in renal impairment: Patients in severe renal failure should not receive magnesium due to toxicity from accumulation. Patients with a Clcr <25 mL/minute receiving magnesium should be monitored by serum magnesium levels.


Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status

None reported


Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment

None reported


Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions

No information available to require special precautions


Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment

Magnesium products may prevent gastrointestinal absorption of tetracyclines by forming a large ionized chelated molecule with the tetracyclines in the stomach. Tetracyclines should be given at least 1 hour before magnesium.


Dosage Forms

Tablet: 500 mg [elemental magnesium 27 mg]


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