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Pronunciation |
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(lor
AT a
deen) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Claritin® |
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Generic
Available |
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No |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Antihistamine |
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Use |
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Relief of nasal and non-nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic
rhinitis |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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B |
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to loratadine or any of its components |
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Warnings/Precautions |
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Patients with liver impairment should start with a lower dose (10 mg every
other day), since their ability to clear the drug will be reduced; use with
caution in lactation |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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>10%:
Central nervous system: Headache, somnolence, fatigue
Gastrointestinal: Xerostomia
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Hypotension, hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia
Central nervous system: Anxiety, depression
Endocrine & metabolic: Breast pain
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Hyperkinesia, arthralgias
Respiratory: Nasal dryness, pharyngitis, dyspnea
Miscellaneous: Diaphoresis |
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Overdosage/Toxicology |
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Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, tachycardia, headache
No specific antidote is available, treatment is first decontamination, then
symptomatic and supportive; loratadine is not eliminated by dialysis
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Drug
Interactions |
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CYP2D6 and 3A3/4 enzyme substrate
Increased toxicity: Procarbazine, other antihistamines, alcohol
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Mechanism of
Action |
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Long-acting tricyclic antihistamine with selective peripheral histamine
H1-receptor antagonistic properties |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Onset of action: Within 1-3 hours
Peak effect: 8-12 hours
Duration: >24 hours
Absorption: Rapid
Metabolism: Extensive to an active metabolite
Half-life: 12-15 hours
Elimination: Significant excretion into breast milk |
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Usual Dosage |
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Children greater than or equal to 6 years and Adults: Oral: 10 mg/day on an
empty stomach |
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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Drowsiness is common; may cause anxiety or depression |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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None reported |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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>10% of patients experience dry mouth (normal salivary flow returns with
cessation of drug therapy) |
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Patient
Information |
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Take as directed; do not exceed recommended dose. Avoid use of other
depressants, alcohol, or sleep-inducing medications unless approved by
prescriber. You may experience drowsiness or dizziness (use caution when driving
or engaging in tasks requiring alertness until response to drug is known); or
dry mouth or nausea (frequent small meals, frequent mouth care, chewing gum, or
sucking hard candy may help). Report persistent dizziness, sedation, or
seizures; chest pain, rapid heartbeat, or palpitations; swelling of face, mouth,
lips, or tongue; difficulty breathing; changes in urinary pattern; yellowing of
skin or eyes, dark urine, or pale stool; or lack of improvement or worsening or
condition. Breast-feeding precautions: Breast-feeding is not
recommended. |
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Nursing
Implications |
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Drink plenty of water; may cause dry mouth, sedation, drowsiness, and can
impair judgment and coordination |
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Dosage Forms |
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Syrup: 1 mg/mL (480 mL)
Tablet: 10 mg
Rapid-disintegrating tablets: 10 mg (RediTabs®)
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References |
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Clissold SP, Sorkin EM, and Goa KL,
"Loratadine: A Preliminary Review of Its Pharmacodynamic Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy,"
Drugs, 1989, 37(1):42-57.
Lin CC, Radwanski E, Affrime M, et al,
"Pharmacokinetics of Loratadine in Pediatric Subjects," Am J Therapeut,
1995, 2:504-8.
Luck JC and Evrard HM,
"Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Loratadine Use," J Allergy Clin
Immunol, 1995, 95(2):282.
Lutsky BN, Klose P, Melon J, et al,
"A Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Loratadine Syrup and Terfenadine Suspension in the Treatment of 3 to 6 Year Old Children With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis,"
Clin Ther, 1993, 15(5):855-65.
Simons FE,
"Loratadine, a Nonsedating H1-Receptor Antagonist (Antihistamine),"
Ann Allergy, 1989, 63(4):266-8.
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