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Pronunciation |
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(ETH
a nol a meen OH lee
ate) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Ethamolin® |
|
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Generic
Available |
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No |
|
|
Synonyms |
|
Monoethanolamine |
|
|
Pharmacological Index |
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Sclerosing Agent |
|
|
Use |
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Mild sclerosing agent used for bleeding esophageal
varices |
|
|
Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
|
C |
|
|
Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to agent or oleic acid |
|
|
Warnings/Precautions |
|
Fatal anaphylactic shock has been reported following administration; use with
caution and decrease doses in patients with significant liver dysfunction (child
class C), with concomitant cardiorespiratory disease, or in the elderly or
critically ill |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Pyrexia (1.8%)
Gastrointestinal: Esophageal ulcer (2%), esophageal stricture (1.3%)
Respiratory: Pleural effusion (2%), pneumonia (1.2%)
Miscellaneous: Retrosternal pain (1.6%)
<1%: Esophagitis, perforation, injection necrosis, acute renal failure,
anaphylaxis |
|
|
Overdosage/Toxicology |
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Anaphylaxis after administration of larger than normal volumes, severe
intramural necrosis
Treatment is supportive with epinephrine, corticosteroids, fluids, and
pressors |
|
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Drug
Interactions |
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No data reported |
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Mechanism of
Action |
|
Derived from oleic acid and similar in physical properties to sodium
morrhuate; however, the exact mechanism of the hemostatic effect used in
endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is not known. Intravenously injected
ethanolamine oleate produces a sterile inflammatory response resulting in
fibrosis and occlusion of the vein; a dose-related extravascular inflammatory
reaction occurs when the drug diffuses through the venous wall. Autopsy results
indicate that variceal obliteration occurs secondary to mural necrosis and
fibrosis. Thrombosis appears to be a transient reaction. |
|
|
Usual Dosage |
|
Adults: 1.5-5 mL per varix, up to 20 mL total or 0.4 mL/kg for a 50 kg
patient; doses should be decreased in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction
and should receive less than recommended maximum dose |
|
|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
|
|
Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
|
Nursing
Implications |
|
Have epinephrine and resuscitative equipment nearby |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
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Injection: 5% [50 mg/mL] (2
mL) |
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