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Pronunciation |
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(ep
i NEF rin DEN
tal) |
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|
U.S. Brand
Names |
|
Adrenalin® (Dental); Sus-Phrine®
(Dental) |
|
|
Generic
Available |
|
Yes |
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|
Pharmacological Index |
|
Adrenergic Agonist Agent; Alpha/Beta Agonist; Antidote; Bronchodilator;
Vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Use |
|
Dental: Emergency drug for treatment of anaphylactic reactions; used as
vasoconstrictor to prolong local anesthesia |
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|
Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
|
C |
|
|
Contraindications |
|
Hypersensitivity to epinephrine or any component; cardiac arrhythmias,
angle-closure glaucoma |
|
|
Warnings/Precautions |
|
Use with caution in elderly patients, patients with diabetes mellitus,
cardiovascular diseases (angina, tachycardia, myocardial infarction), thyroid
disease, or cerebral arteriosclerosis, Parkinson's; some products contain
sulfites as antioxidants. Rapid I.V. infusion may cause death from
cerebrovascular hemorrhage or cardiac arrhythmias. Oral inhalation of
epinephrine is not the preferred route of
administration. |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
No data reported |
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
Increased cardiac irritability if administered concurrently with halogenated
inhalational anesthetics, beta-blocking agents, alpha-blocking
agents |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Stimulates alpha-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic
receptors resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of the bronchial tree,
cardiac stimulation, and dilation of skeletal muscle vasculature; small doses
can cause vasodilation via beta2-vascular receptors; large doses may
produce constriction of skeletal and vascular smooth muscle; decreases
production of aqueous humor and increases aqueous outflow; dilates the pupil by
contracting the dilator muscle |
|
|
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Absorption: Not absorbed orally |
|
|
Usual Dosage |
|
Hypersensitivity reaction:
Adults: I.M., S.C.: 0.2-0.5 mg every 20 minutes to 4 hours (single dose
maximum: 1 mg) |
|
|
Dietary
Considerations |
|
No data reported |
|
|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
|
Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
|
Injection:
Adrenalin®: 0.01 mg/mL [1:100,000] (5 mL); 0.1 mg/mL
[1:10,000] (3 mL, 10 mL); 1 mg/mL [1:1000] (1 mL, 2 mL, 30 mL)
Suspension (Sus-Phrine®): 5 mg/mL [1:200] (0.3 mL, 5
mL)
Solution, topical (Adrenalin®): 0.1% [1 mg/mL, 1:1000]
(30 mL, 10 mL) |
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