Interactions with supplements
Creatine
Look Up > Drugs > Epinephrine (Dental)
Epinephrine (Dental)
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Warnings/Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Usual Dosage
Dietary Considerations
Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(ep i NEF rin DEN tal)

U.S. Brand Names
Adrenalin® (Dental); Sus-Phrine® (Dental)

Generic Available

Yes


Pharmacological Index

Adrenergic Agonist Agent; Alpha/Beta Agonist; Antidote; Bronchodilator; Vasoconstrictor


Use

Dental: Emergency drug for treatment of anaphylactic reactions; used as vasoconstrictor to prolong local anesthesia


Pregnancy Risk Factor

C


Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to epinephrine or any component; cardiac arrhythmias, angle-closure glaucoma


Warnings/Precautions

Use with caution in elderly patients, patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (angina, tachycardia, myocardial infarction), thyroid disease, or cerebral arteriosclerosis, Parkinson's; some products contain sulfites as antioxidants. Rapid I.V. infusion may cause death from cerebrovascular hemorrhage or cardiac arrhythmias. Oral inhalation of epinephrine is not the preferred route of administration.


Adverse Reactions

No data reported


Drug Interactions

Increased cardiac irritability if administered concurrently with halogenated inhalational anesthetics, beta-blocking agents, alpha-blocking agents


Mechanism of Action

Stimulates alpha-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptors resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of the bronchial tree, cardiac stimulation, and dilation of skeletal muscle vasculature; small doses can cause vasodilation via beta2-vascular receptors; large doses may produce constriction of skeletal and vascular smooth muscle; decreases production of aqueous humor and increases aqueous outflow; dilates the pupil by contracting the dilator muscle


Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Absorption: Not absorbed orally


Usual Dosage

Hypersensitivity reaction:

Adults: I.M., S.C.: 0.2-0.5 mg every 20 minutes to 4 hours (single dose maximum: 1 mg)


Dietary Considerations

No data reported


Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions

No information available to require special precautions


Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment

No effects or complications reported


Dosage Forms

Injection:

Adrenalin®: 0.01 mg/mL [1:100,000] (5 mL); 0.1 mg/mL [1:10,000] (3 mL, 10 mL); 1 mg/mL [1:1000] (1 mL, 2 mL, 30 mL)

Suspension (Sus-Phrine®): 5 mg/mL [1:200] (0.3 mL, 5 mL)

Solution, topical (Adrenalin®): 0.1% [1 mg/mL, 1:1000] (30 mL, 10 mL)


Copyright © 1978-2000 Lexi-Comp Inc. All Rights Reserved