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Pronunciation |
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(dye
PI ve
frin) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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AKPro® Ophthalmic; Propine®
Ophthalmic |
|
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Generic
Available |
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No |
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Synonyms |
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Dipivalyl Epinephrine; Dipivefrin Hydrochloride; DPE |
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|
Pharmacological Index |
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Alpha/Beta Agonist; Ophthalmic Agent, Antiglaucoma; Ophthalmic Agent,
Vasoconstrictor |
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Use |
|
Reduces elevated intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma; also
used to treat ocular hypertension, low tension, and secondary
glaucomas |
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|
Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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B |
|
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to dipivefrin, ingredients in the formulation, or
epinephrine; contraindicated in patients with angle-closure
glaucoma |
|
|
Warnings/Precautions |
|
Use with caution in patients with vascular hypertension or cardiac disorders
and in aphakic patients; contains sodium metabisulfite |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Headache
Local: Burning, stinging
Ocular: Ocular congestion, photophobia, mydriasis, blurred vision, ocular
pain, bulbar conjunctival follicles, blepharoconjunctivitis, cystoid macular
edema
<1%: Arrhythmias, hypertension |
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
Increased or synergistic effect when used with other agents to lower
intraocular pressure |
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|
Stability |
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Avoid exposure to light and air; discolored or darkened solutions indicate
loss of potency |
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|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine which is the active agent that
stimulates alpha- and/or beta-adrenergic receptors increasing aqueous humor
outflow |
|
|
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
|
Ocular pressure effect:
Onset of action: Within 30 minutes
Duration: greater than or equal to 12 hours
Mydriasis:
Onset of action: May occur within 30 minutes
Duration: Several hours
Absorption: Rapid into the aqueous humor
Metabolism: Converted to epinephrine |
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|
Usual Dosage |
|
Adults: Ophthalmic: Instill 1 drop every 12 hours into the
eyes |
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|
Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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None reported |
|
|
Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
|
None reported |
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|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
|
Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
|
Patient
Information |
|
Discolored solutions should be discarded; may cause transient burning or
stinging |
|
|
Nursing
Implications |
|
Finger pressure should be applied to lacrimal sac for 1-2 minutes after
instillation to decrease risk of absorption and systemic
reactions |
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Dosage Forms |
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Solution, ophthalmic, as hydrochloride: 0.1% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15
mL) |
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