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Diphtheria, Tetanus Toxoids, and Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Synonyms
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Warnings/Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Stability
Mechanism of Action
Usual Dosage
Administration
Patient Information
Nursing Implications
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(dif THEER ee a & TET a nus TOKS oyds & hole-sel per TUS sis vak SEEN)

U.S. Brand Names
Tri-Immunol®

Generic Available

Yes


Synonyms
DPT; DTP; DTwP

Pharmacological Index

Toxoid


Use

Active immunization of infants and children through 6 years of age (between 2 months and the seventh birthday) against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis; recommended for primary immunization; start immunization if whooping cough or diphtheria is present in the community


Pregnancy Risk Factor

B


Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids or pertussis vaccine, known hypersensitivity to thimerosal, thrombocytopenia

Patients >7 years of age history of any of the following effects from previous administration of pertussis vaccine precludes further use

Temperature of 105°F or higher within 2 days after getting DTP

Shock-collapse (becoming blue or pale, limp, and not responsive ) within 2 days after getting DTP

Convulsion within 3 days after getting DTP

Crying that cannot be stopped which lasts for more than 3 hours at a time within 2 days after getting DTP


Warnings/Precautions

Do not use DTP for treatment of actual tetanus, diphtheria, or whooping cough infections. The child's medical record should document that the small risk of past vaccination seizure and the benefits of the pertussis vaccination were discussed with the patient. If adverse reactions occurred with previous doses, immunization should be completed with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid absorbed (pediatric); have epinephrine 1:1000 available.


Adverse Reactions

All serious adverse reactions must be reported to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Reporting forms and information about reporting requirements or completion of the form can be obtained from VAERS through a toll-free number 1-800-822-7967.


Drug Interactions

Decreased effect: Immunosuppressive agents may result in aberrant responses to active immunization


Stability

Refrigerate


Mechanism of Action

Promotes active immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis by inducing production of specific antibodies and antitoxins.


Usual Dosage

For pediatric use only. Do not give to patients >7 years of age; primary immunization for children 2-6 years of age, ideally beginning at the age of 2-3 months

The booster doses are given when children are 4-6 years of age, 0.5 mL I.M.

For booster doses thereafter, use the recommended dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, adsorbed (adults) every 10 years; for patients not receiving immunization at usual times, consult authoritative source


Administration

Give only I.M.


Patient Information

Most children have little or no problem from the DTP shot; many children will have fever or soreness, swelling, and redness where the shot was given. Usually these problems are mild and last 1-2 days. Some children will be cranky, drowsy, or not want to eat during this time.


Nursing Implications

Acetaminophen 10-15 mg/kg before and every 4 hours to 12-24 hours may reduce fever; give vaccine only I.M.


Dosage Forms

Injection: 0.5 mL


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