Look Up > Drugs > Chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Synonyms
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage/Toxicology
Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Usual Dosage
Dietary Considerations
Monitoring Parameters
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
Patient Information
Nursing Implications
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(klor ZOKS a zone)

U.S. Brand Names
Flexaphen®; Paraflex®; Parafon Forte™ DSC

Generic Available

Yes


Synonyms
Chlorzoxazone with Acetaminophen

Pharmacological Index

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant


Use

Dental: Treatment of muscle spasm with acute temporomandibular joint pain

Medical: Symptomatic treatment of muscle spasm and pain associated with acute musculoskeletal conditions


Pregnancy Risk Factor

C


Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to chlorzoxazone; impaired liver function


Adverse Reactions

>10%: Central nervous system: Drowsiness

1% to 10%:

Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, tightness in chest, flushing of face, syncope

Central nervous system: Mental depression, allergic fever, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, paradoxical stimulation

Dermatologic: Angioedema

Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps

Neuromuscular & skeletal: Trembling

Ocular: Burning of eyes

Respiratory: Shortness of breath

Miscellaneous: Hiccups

<1%: Ataxia, rash, urticaria, erythema multiforme, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, blurred vision


Overdosage/Toxicology

Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, absent tendon reflexes, hypotension

Treatment is supportive following attempts to enhance drug elimination. Hypotension should be treated with I.V. fluids and/or Trendelenburg positioning. Dialysis and hemoperfusion and osmotic diuresis have all been useful in reducing serum drug concentrations; patient should be observed for possible relapses due to incomplete gastric emptying.


Drug Interactions

CYP2E1 enzyme substrate


Mechanism of Action

Acts on the spinal cord and subcortical levels by depressing polysynaptic reflexes


Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Onset of action: Within 1 hour

Duration: 6-12 hours

Absorption: Oral: Readily absorbed

Metabolism: Extensively in the liver by glucuronidation

Elimination: Excretion in urine as conjugates


Usual Dosage

Oral:

Adults: 250-500 mg 3-4 times/day up to 750 mg 3-4 times/day


Dietary Considerations

Alcohol: Additive CNS effects, avoid use


Monitoring Parameters

Periodic liver functions tests


Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status

Drowsiness is common; may produce depression or paradoxical stimulation


Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment

May produce aplastic anemia and leukopenia; use caution with clozapine and carbamazepine


Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions

No information available to require special precautions


Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment

No effects or complications reported


Patient Information

Take exactly as directed, with food. Do not increase dose or discontinue without consulting prescriber. Do not use alcohol, prescriptive or OTC antidepressants, sedatives, or pain medications without consulting prescriber. May turn urine orange or red (normal). You may experience drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness (avoid driving or engaging in tasks that require alertness until response to drug is known); nausea, vomiting, or cramping (small, frequent meals, frequent mouth care, or sucking hard candy may help); postural hypotension (change position slowly when rising from sitting or lying or when climbing stairs); or constipation (increased dietary fluids and fibers or increased exercise may help). Report excessive drowsiness or mental agitation; palpitations, rapid heartbeat, or chest pain; skin rash or swelling of mouth or face; persistent diarrhea or constipation; or unusual weakness or bleeding. Pregnancy/breast-feeding precautions: Inform prescriber if you are or intend to be pregnant. Breast-feeding is not recommended.


Nursing Implications

Raise bed rails; institute safety measures; assist with ambulation


Dosage Forms

Caplet (Parafon Forte™ DSC): 500 mg

Capsule (Flexaphen®, Mus-Lax®): 250 mg with acetaminophen 300 mg

Tablet: Paraflex®: 250 mg


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