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Pronunciation |
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(klor
ZOKS a
zone) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Flexaphen®; Paraflex®; Parafon
Forte™
DSC |
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Generic
Available |
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Yes |
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Synonyms |
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Chlorzoxazone with Acetaminophen |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxant |
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Use |
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Dental: Treatment of muscle spasm with acute temporomandibular joint pain
Medical: Symptomatic treatment of muscle spasm and pain associated with acute
musculoskeletal conditions |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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C |
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Contraindications |
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Known hypersensitivity to chlorzoxazone; impaired liver
function |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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>10%: Central nervous system: Drowsiness
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, tightness in chest, flushing of face, syncope
Central nervous system: Mental depression, allergic fever, dizziness,
lightheadedness, headache, paradoxical stimulation
Dermatologic: Angioedema
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Trembling
Ocular: Burning of eyes
Respiratory: Shortness of breath
Miscellaneous: Hiccups
<1%: Ataxia, rash, urticaria, erythema multiforme, aplastic anemia,
leukopenia, eosinophilia, blurred vision |
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Overdosage/Toxicology |
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Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness,
dizziness, headache, absent tendon reflexes, hypotension
Treatment is supportive following attempts to enhance drug elimination.
Hypotension should be treated with I.V. fluids and/or Trendelenburg positioning.
Dialysis and hemoperfusion and osmotic diuresis have all been useful in reducing
serum drug concentrations; patient should be observed for possible relapses due
to incomplete gastric emptying. |
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Drug
Interactions |
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CYP2E1 enzyme substrate |
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Mechanism of
Action |
|
Acts on the spinal cord and subcortical levels by depressing polysynaptic
reflexes |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Onset of action: Within 1 hour
Duration: 6-12 hours
Absorption: Oral: Readily absorbed
Metabolism: Extensively in the liver by glucuronidation
Elimination: Excretion in urine as conjugates |
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Usual Dosage |
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Oral:
Adults: 250-500 mg 3-4 times/day up to 750 mg 3-4 times/day
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Dietary
Considerations |
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Alcohol: Additive CNS effects, avoid use |
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Monitoring
Parameters |
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Periodic liver functions tests |
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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Drowsiness is common; may produce depression or paradoxical
stimulation |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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May produce aplastic anemia and leukopenia; use caution with clozapine and
carbamazepine |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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No effects or complications reported |
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Patient
Information |
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Take exactly as directed, with food. Do not increase dose or discontinue
without consulting prescriber. Do not use alcohol, prescriptive or OTC
antidepressants, sedatives, or pain medications without consulting prescriber.
May turn urine orange or red (normal). You may experience drowsiness, dizziness,
lightheadedness (avoid driving or engaging in tasks that require alertness until
response to drug is known); nausea, vomiting, or cramping (small, frequent
meals, frequent mouth care, or sucking hard candy may help); postural
hypotension (change position slowly when rising from sitting or lying or when
climbing stairs); or constipation (increased dietary fluids and fibers or
increased exercise may help). Report excessive drowsiness or mental agitation;
palpitations, rapid heartbeat, or chest pain; skin rash or swelling of mouth or
face; persistent diarrhea or constipation; or unusual weakness or bleeding.
Pregnancy/breast-feeding precautions: Inform prescriber if you are or intend
to be pregnant. Breast-feeding is not recommended. |
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Nursing
Implications |
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Raise bed rails; institute safety measures; assist with
ambulation |
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Dosage Forms |
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Caplet (Parafon Forte™ DSC): 500 mg
Capsule (Flexaphen®, Mus-Lax®):
250 mg with acetaminophen 300 mg
Tablet: Paraflex®: 250 mg
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