| Pronunciation |
 (klor
fen IR a
meen) |
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| U.S. Brand Names |
| Aller-Chlor®[OTC]; AL-R®[OTC]; Chlo-Amine®[OTC]; Chlorate®[OTC]; Chlor-Pro®[OTC]; Chlor-Trimeton®[OTC]; Telachlor®; Teldrin®[OTC] |
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| Generic Available |
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Yes |
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| Synonyms |
| Chlorpheniramine Maleate; CTM |
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| Pharmacological Index |
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Antihistamine |
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| Use |
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Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis and other allergic symptoms including urticaria |
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| Pregnancy Risk Factor |
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B |
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| Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine maleate or any component; narrow-angle glaucoma; bladder neck obstruction; symptomatic prostate hypertrophy; during acute asthmatic attacks; stenosing peptic ulcer; pyloroduodenal obstruction. Avoid use in premature and term newborns due to possible association with SIDS. |
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| Adverse Reactions |
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Genitourinary: Urinary retention Ocular: Diplopia Renal: Polyuria >10%: Central nervous system: Slight to moderate drowsiness Respiratory: Thickening of bronchial secretions 1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Headache, excitability, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness Gastrointestinal: Nausea, xerostomia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, appetite increase, weight increase Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia, weakness Respiratory: Pharyngitis |
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| Drug Interactions |
|
CYP2D6 enzyme substrate |
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| Stability |
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Protect from light |
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| Mechanism of Action |
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Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract |
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| Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Serum half-life: 20-24 hours |
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| Usual Dosage |
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Children: Oral: 0.35 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 4-6 hours 2-6 years: 1 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 6 mg in 24 hours 6-12 years: 2 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 12 mg/day or sustained release 8 mg at bedtime Children >12 years and Adults: Oral: 4 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 24 mg/day or sustained release 8-12 mg every 8-12 hours, not to exceed 24 mg/day Adults: Allergic reactions: I.M., I.V., S.C.: 10-20 mg as a single dose; maximum recommended dose: 40 mg/24 hours Elderly: 4 mg once or twice daily. Note: Duration of action may be 36 hours or more when serum concentrations are low. Hemodialysis: Supplemental dose is not necessary |
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| Dietary Considerations |
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May be taken with food or water |
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| Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status |
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Drowsiness is common; may cause excitability, nervousness, fatigue, or depression |
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| Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment |
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Dry mouth and sedation may be exacerbated by concurrent psychotropic use |
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| Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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| Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment |
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Chronic use of antihistamines will inhibit salivary flow, particularly in elderly patients; this may contribute to periodontal disease and oral discomfort |
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| Patient Information |
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May cause drowsiness; swallow whole, do not crush or chew sustained release product; avoid alcohol, may impair coordination and judgment |
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| Nursing Implications |
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Raise bed rails, institute safety measures, assist with ambulation; dilute in NS or dextrose; infuse I.V. slowly; the 100 mg/mL injection is not for I.V. use Stability: Incompatible when mixed in same syringe with calcium chloride, kanamycin, norepinephrine, pentobarbital |
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| Dosage Forms |
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Capsule, as maleate: 12 mg Capsule, as maleate, timed release: 8 mg, 12 mg Injection, as maleate: 10 mg/mL (1 mL, 30 mL); 100 mg/mL (2 mL) Syrup, as maleate: 2 mg/5 mL (120 mL, 473 mL) Tablet, as maleate: 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg Tablet, as maleate: Chewable: 2 mg Timed release: 8 mg, 12 mg |
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