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Pronunciation |
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(brome
fen IR a
meen) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Bromarest®[OTC]; Brombay®[OTC];
Bromphen®[OTC]; Brotane®[OTC]; Chlorphed®[OTC];
Cophene-B®; Diamine T.D.®[OTC]; Dimetane®
Extentabs®[OTC]; Nasahist B®;
ND-Stat® |
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Generic
Available |
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Yes |
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Synonyms |
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Brompheniramine Maleate; Parabromdylamine |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Antihistamine |
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Use |
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Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis and other allergic symptoms
including urticaria |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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C |
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Contraindications |
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Narrow-angle glaucoma; bladder neck obstruction; symptomatic prostatic
hypertrophy; asthmatic attacks; stenosing peptic ulcer; hypersensitivity to
brompheniramine or any component |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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>10%:
Central nervous system: Slight to moderate drowsiness (compared with other
first generation antihistamines, brompheniramine is relatively nonsedating)
Respiratory: Thickening of bronchial secretions
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Headache, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness
Gastrointestinal: Appetite increase, weight gain, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, xerostomia
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia
Respiratory: Pharyngitis |
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Drug
Interactions |
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Increased toxicity: CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, alcohol, tricyclic
antidepressants |
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Stability |
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Solutions may crystallize if stored below 0°C, crystals
will dissolve when warmed |
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Mechanism of
Action |
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Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in
the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory
tract |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Duration: Varies with formulation
Serum half-life: 12-34 hours
Time to peak serum concentration: Oral: Within 2-5 hours
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Usual Dosage |
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Oral:
Children:
less than or equal to 6 years: 0.125 mg/kg/dose given every 6 hours;
maximum: 6-8 mg/day
6-12 years: 2-4 mg every 6-8 hours; maximum: 12-16 mg/day
Adults: 4 mg every 4-6 hours or 8 mg of sustained release form every 8-12
hours or 12 mg of sustained release every 12 hours; maximum: 24 mg/day
Elderly: Initial: 4 mg once or twice daily. Note: Duration of action
may be 36 hours or more, even when serum concentrations are low.
I.M., I.V., S.C.:
Children less than or equal to 12 years: 0.5 mg/kg/24 hours divided every 6-8
hours
Adults: 10 mg every 6-12 hours, maximum: 40 mg/24 hours |
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Dietary
Considerations |
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May be administered with food, milk, or water |
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Administration |
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Dilute in 1-10 mL D5W or normal saline and infuse over several
minutes; the patient should be in a recumbent position during the
infusion |
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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Sedation is common |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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Concurrent use with psychotropics may produce additive
sedation |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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Chronic use of antihistamines will inhibit salivary flow, particularly in
elderly patients; this may contribute to periodontal disease and oral
discomfort |
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Patient
Information |
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Avoid alcohol; take with food or milk; swallow whole, do not crush or chew
extended release products; may cause drowsiness |
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Nursing
Implications |
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Sustained release tablets should be swallowed whole, do not crush or
chew |
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Dosage Forms |
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Elixir, as maleate: 2 mg/5 mL with 3% alcohol (120 mL, 480 mL, 4000 mL)
Injection, as maleate: 10 mg/mL (10 mL)
Tablet, as maleate: 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg
Tablet, sustained release, as maleate: 8 mg, 12 mg
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