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Brinzolamide
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Warnings/Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage/Toxicology
Drug Interactions
Stability
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Usual Dosage
Administration
Monitoring Parameters
Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status
Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment
Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions
Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment
Patient Information
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(brin ZOH la mide)

U.S. Brand Names
Azopt®

Generic Available

No


Pharmacological Index

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; Ophthalmic Agent, Antiglaucoma


Use

Lowers intraocular pressure to treat glaucoma in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma


Pregnancy Risk Factor

C


Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to brinzolamide or any component


Warnings/Precautions

Effects of prolonged use on corneal epithelial cells have not been evaluated; has not been studied in acute angle-closure glaucoma; renal impairment (parent and metabolite may accumulate). Patients with allergy to sulfonamides (brinzolamide is a sulfonamide); systemic absorption may cause serious hypersensitivity reactions to recur.


Adverse Reactions

1% to 10%:

Dermatologic: Dermatitis (1% to 5%)

Gastrointestinal: Taste disturbances (5% to 10%)

Ocular: Blurred vision (5% to 10%), blepharitis (1% to 5%), dry eye (1% to 5%), foreign body sensation (1% to 5%), eye discharge (1% to 5%), eye pain (1% to 5%), itching of eye (1% to 5%)

Respiratory: Rhinitis

<1%: Dizziness, headache, urticaria, alopecia, diarrhea, nausea, xerostomia, diplopia, eye fatigue, lid crusting, dyspnea, pharyngitis, allergic reactions


Overdosage/Toxicology

Theoretically, overdose could lead to electrolyte imbalance, acidosis and CNS effects; monitor serum electrolytes and blood pH

Treatment is supportive


Drug Interactions

Concurrent use of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) - additive effects and toxicity

High-dose salicylates may result in toxicity from CAIs


Stability

Store at 4°C to 30°C (39°F to 86°F)


Mechanism of Action

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase decreases aqueous humor secretion. This results in a reduction of intraocular pressure.


Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Peak effect: 2 hours

Duration: 8-12 hours

Absorption: Topical: Into the systemic circulation

Distribution: Accumulates in red blood cells, binding to carbonic anhydrase (brinzolamide and metabolite)

Metabolism: To N-desmethyl brinzolamide

Elimination: Primarily in urine (unchanged drug and metabolites)


Usual Dosage

Adults: Ophthalmic: Instill 1 drop in affected eye(s) 3 times/day


Administration

May be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower intraocular pressure. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, administer drugs at least 10 minutes apart.


Monitoring Parameters

Intraocular pressure


Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status

May rarely cause dizziness


Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment

None reported


Dental Health: Local Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor Precautions

No information available to require special precautions


Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment

Taste disturbances in 5% to 10% of patients


Patient Information

Administration: Tilt head back, place medication in conjunctival sac, and close eyes. Apply finger pressure at corner of eye for 1 minute following application. Do not allow tip of applicator to touch eye or any contaminated surface. If using other ophthalmic preparations, administer 10 minutes apart. Avoid excessive use of aspirin or aspirin-containing medications (may cause toxicity). May cause taste changes; runny nose; or vision disturbances (blurred vision, dry eye, foreign body sensation, eye discharge, temporary sensitivity to bright light, blurring or stinging, altered distance perception, reduced night vision acuity). Report persistent dizziness or headache, skin rash, loss of hair, unresolved gastrointestinal disturbance, difficulty breathing, or persistent sore throat. Inform prescriber if you are or intend to be pregnant. Do not breast-feed.


Dosage Forms

Suspension, ophthalmic: 1% (2.5 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL)


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