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Pronunciation |
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(brin
ZOH la
mide) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Azopt® |
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Generic
Available |
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No |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor; Ophthalmic Agent,
Antiglaucoma |
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|
Use |
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Lowers intraocular pressure to treat glaucoma in patients with ocular
hypertension or open-angle glaucoma |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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C |
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to brinzolamide or any component |
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Warnings/Precautions |
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Effects of prolonged use on corneal epithelial cells have not been evaluated;
has not been studied in acute angle-closure glaucoma; renal impairment (parent
and metabolite may accumulate). Patients with allergy to sulfonamides
(brinzolamide is a sulfonamide); systemic absorption may cause serious
hypersensitivity reactions to recur. |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
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1% to 10%:
Dermatologic: Dermatitis (1% to 5%)
Gastrointestinal: Taste disturbances (5% to 10%)
Ocular: Blurred vision (5% to 10%), blepharitis (1% to 5%), dry eye (1% to
5%), foreign body sensation (1% to 5%), eye discharge (1% to 5%), eye pain (1%
to 5%), itching of eye (1% to 5%)
Respiratory: Rhinitis
<1%: Dizziness, headache, urticaria, alopecia, diarrhea, nausea,
xerostomia, diplopia, eye fatigue, lid crusting, dyspnea, pharyngitis, allergic
reactions |
|
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Overdosage/Toxicology |
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Theoretically, overdose could lead to electrolyte imbalance, acidosis and CNS
effects; monitor serum electrolytes and blood pH
Treatment is supportive |
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Drug
Interactions |
|
Concurrent use of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) - additive
effects and toxicity
High-dose salicylates may result in toxicity from CAIs |
|
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Stability |
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Store at 4°C to 30°C
(39°F to 86°F) |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
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Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase decreases aqueous humor secretion. This
results in a reduction of intraocular pressure. |
|
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Peak effect: 2 hours
Duration: 8-12 hours
Absorption: Topical: Into the systemic circulation
Distribution: Accumulates in red blood cells, binding to carbonic anhydrase
(brinzolamide and metabolite)
Metabolism: To N-desmethyl brinzolamide
Elimination: Primarily in urine (unchanged drug and metabolites)
|
|
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Usual Dosage |
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Adults: Ophthalmic: Instill 1 drop in affected eye(s) 3
times/day |
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Administration |
|
May be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to
lower intraocular pressure. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being
used, administer drugs at least 10 minutes apart. |
|
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Monitoring
Parameters |
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Intraocular pressure |
|
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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May rarely cause dizziness |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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None reported |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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Taste disturbances in 5% to 10% of patients |
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Patient
Information |
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Administration: Tilt head back, place medication in conjunctival sac, and
close eyes. Apply finger pressure at corner of eye for 1 minute following
application. Do not allow tip of applicator to touch eye or any contaminated
surface. If using other ophthalmic preparations, administer 10 minutes apart.
Avoid excessive use of aspirin or aspirin-containing medications (may cause
toxicity). May cause taste changes; runny nose; or vision disturbances (blurred
vision, dry eye, foreign body sensation, eye discharge, temporary sensitivity to
bright light, blurring or stinging, altered distance perception, reduced night
vision acuity). Report persistent dizziness or headache, skin rash, loss of
hair, unresolved gastrointestinal disturbance, difficulty breathing, or
persistent sore throat. Inform prescriber if you are or intend to be pregnant.
Do not breast-feed. |
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Dosage Forms |
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Suspension, ophthalmic: 1% (2.5 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 15
mL) |
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