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Pronunciation |
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(bye
PER i
den) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Akineton® |
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Generic
Available |
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No |
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Synonyms |
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Biperiden Hydrochloride; Biperiden Lactate |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Anticholinergic Agent; Anti-Parkinson's Agent
(Anticholinergic) |
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Use |
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Adjunct in the therapy of all forms of Parkinsonism; control of
extrapyramidal symptoms secondary to antipsychotics |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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C |
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Contraindications |
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Angle-closure glaucoma; GI or GU obstruction; hypersensitivity to
biperiden |
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Warnings/Precautions |
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Use with caution in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, peptic ulcer,
urinary tract obstruction, hyperthyroidism; some preparations contain sodium
bisulfite; syrup contains alcohol |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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Cardiovascular: Orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia (I.V.)
Central nervous system: Drowsiness, euphoria, disorientation, agitation
Gastrointestinal: Constipation, xerostomia
Genitourinary: Urinary retention
Ocular: Blurred vision |
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Drug
Interactions |
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Decreased effect: May increase gastric degradation of levodopa and decrease
the amount of levodopa absorbed by delaying gastric emptying; the opposite may
be true for digoxin
Therapeutic effects of cholinergic agents (tacrine, donepezil) and
neuroleptics may be antagonized
Increased toxicity: Central and/or peripheral anticholinergic syndrome can
occur when administered with amantadine, rimantadine, narcotic analgesics,
phenothiazines and other antipsychotics (especially with high anticholinergic
activity), tricyclic antidepressants, quinidine and some other antiarrhythmics,
and antihistamines |
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Mechanism of
Action |
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Biperiden is a weak peripheral anticholinergic agent with nicotinolytic
activity. The beneficial effects in Parkinson's disease and neuroleptic-induced
extrapyramidal reactions are believed to be due to the inhibition of striatal
cholinergic receptors. |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Serum half-life: 18.4-24.3 hours
Time to peak serum concentration: 1-1.5 hours |
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Usual Dosage |
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Adults:
Extrapyramidal:
Oral: 2 mg 1-3 times/day
I.M., I.V.: 2 mg every 30 minutes up to 4 doses or 8 mg/day
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Administration |
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I.V. must be given slowly |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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Dry mouth, nose, and throat very prevalent in patients taking this
drug |
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Patient
Information |
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May cause drowsiness |
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Nursing
Implications |
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No significant difference in onset of I.M. or I.V. injection, therefore,
there is usually no need to use the I.V. route. Improvement is sometimes
noticeable a few minutes after injection. Do not discontinue drug
abruptly. |
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Dosage Forms |
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Injection, as lactate: 5 mg/mL (1 mL)
Tablet, as hydrochloride: 2 mg
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