تصنيف عام للمضادات الحيوية ...

dr.joandr.joan عضو ماسي
تم تعديل 2010/07/21 في علم الأدوية
Antibiotics
Type

Drug

Common Uses

Side Effects


Aminoglycosides

  • Amikacin
  • Gentamicin
  • Kanamycin
  • Neomycin
  • Netilmicin
  • Streptomycin
  • Tobramycin
Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella




  • Hearing loss
  • Dizziness
  • Kidney damage
Carbecephem






Loracarbef




Carbapenems


  • Ertapenem
  • Imipenem/ cilastatin
  • Meropenem
Gangrene, sepsis, pneumonia, abdominal and urinary infections, and (except for ertapenem)Pseudomonas infections




  • Seizures
  • Confusion
Cephalosporins, 1st generation




  • Cefadroxil
  • Cefazolin
  • Cephalexin
Skin and soft tissue infections




  • Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Allergic reactions
Cephalosporins, 2nd generation




  • Cefaclor
  • Cefamandole
  • Cephalexin
  • Cefoxitin
  • Cefprozil
  • Cefuroxime
Some respiratory and abdominal infections




  • Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Allergic reactions
Cephalosporins, 3rd generation




  • Cefixime
  • Cefdinir
  • Cefditoren
  • Cefoperazone
  • Cefotaxime
  • Cefpodoxime
  • Ceftazidime
  • Ceftibuten
  • Ceftizoxime
  • Ceftriaxone
Broad coverage of many bacteria for people with mild-to-moderate infections (oral) and serious illness (by injection




  • Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Allergic reactions
Cephalosporins, 4th generation






Cefepime




Serious infections, particularly in people with a weakened immune system


  • Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Allergic reactions
Macrolides




  • Azithromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Dirithromycin
  • Erythromycin
  • Troleandomycin
Streptococcal infections, syphilis, respiratory infections, myoplasmal infections, Lyme disease




  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses)
  • Jaundice
Monobactam






Aztreonam



Infections caused by gram-negative bacteia



Allergic reacions




Penicillins


  • Amoxicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • Carbenicillin
  • Cloxacillin
  • Dicloxacillin
  • Nafcillin
  • Oxacillin
  • Penicillin G
  • Penicillin V
  • Piperacillin
  • Ticarcillin
Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease




  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions
  • Brain and kidney damage (rare)
Polypeptides




  • Bacitracin
  • Colistin
  • Polymyxin B
Ear, eye, skin, or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the skin or eye; rarely given by injection






Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection






Quinolones


  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Enoxacin
  • Gatifloxacin
  • Levofloxacin
  • Lomefloxacin
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Norfloxacin
  • Ofloxacin
  • Trovafloxacin
Urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, bacterial diarrhea, gonorrhea




  • Nausea (rare)
  • Nervousness, tremors, seizures
  • Inflammation or rupture of tendons
Sulfonamides




  • Mafenide
  • Sulfacetamide
  • Sulfamethizole
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Sulfisoxazole
  • Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
Urinary tract infections (except sulfasalazine, sulfacetamide, and mafenide); mafenide is used topically for burns




  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Allergy (including skin rashes)
  • Crystals in urine (rare)
  • Decrease in white blood cell count
  • Sensitivity to sunlight
Tetracyclines




  • Demeclocycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycline
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Tetracycline
Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, rickettsial infections




  • Gastrointestinal upset
  • Sensitivity to sunlight
  • Staining of teeth
  • Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy
Miscellaneous antibiotics






Chloramphenicol



Typhoid and other Salmonella infections, meningitis




Severe decrease in white blood cell count (rare




Clindamycin



Streptococcal and staphyloccocal infections, respiratory infections, lung abscess



Severe diarrhea




Ethambutol



Tuberculosis



Vision disturbances




Fosfomycin



Bladder infections



Diarrhea




Isoniazid



Tuberculosis


  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Jaundice
Linezolid





Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics


  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Diarrhea
  • Low platelet count
Metronidazole





Vaginitis caused by Trichomonas or Gardnerella; pelvic and abdominal infections


  • Nausea
  • Headache (especially if taken with alcohol)
  • Metallic taste
  • Dark urine
Nitrofurantoin





Urinary tract infections


  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Allergy
Pyrazinamide





Tuberculosis


  • Liver dysfunction
  • Gout (occasional)
Quinupristin/dalfopristin





Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics




Aching muscles and joints




Rifampin



Tuberculosis and leprosy


  • Rash
  • Liver dysfunction
  • Red-orange saliva, sweat, tears, and urine
Spectinomycin





Gonorrhea


  • Allergy
  • Fever
Vancomycin





Serious infections resistant to other antibiotics





Flushing, itching
منقول..

التعليقات

  • مجهول
    تم تعديل 2009/09/26
    شكرا جزيلا
  • dr.joandr.joan عضو ماسي
    تم تعديل 2009/09/26
    أهلاً وسهلاً أخت هند ..
  • ShanShan عضو جديد
    تم تعديل 2010/07/21
    dr. joan يعطيك الف عافية على هيك جهد

    نتطلع قدما لرؤية جديدك
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