Garlic
Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae
Garlic has been used as both food and medicine in many cultures for thousands of years, dating at least as far back as the time that the Giza pyramids were built.
Garlic is still grown in Egypt, but the Syrian variety is the kind most esteemed now
Garlic is mentioned in the Bible and the Talmud. Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny the Elder, and Dioscorides all mention the use of garlic for many conditions, including parasites, respiratory problems, poor digestion, and low energy.
It was consumed by ancient Greek and Roman soldiers, sailors, and rural classes and, by the African peasantry
Garlic was rare in traditional English cuisine (though it is said to have been grown in England before 1548) and has been a much more common ingredient in Mediterranean Europe.
Garlic was placed by the ancient Greeks on the piles of stones at crossroads, as a supper for Hecate (Theophrastus, Characters, The Superstitious Man); and according to Pliny, garlic and onions were invoked as deities by the Egyptians at the taking of oaths.
Medicinal use and health benefits
garlic has been found to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity.
Garlic is also claimed to help prevent heart disease (including atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure) and cancer.
cardiovascular benefits of garlic , :
reduce accumulation of cholesterol on the vascular walls
reduce aortic plaque deposits of cholesterol
inhibite vascular calcification in human patients with high blood cholesterol.
Allium sativum has been found to reduce platelet aggregation and hyperlipidemia.
The known vasodilative effect of garlic is possibly caused by
catabolism of garlic-derived polysulfides to hydrogen sulfide in red blood cells, a reaction that is dependent on reduced thiols in or on the RBC membrane. Hydrogen sulfide is an endogenous cardioprotective vascular cell-signaling molecule.
Garlic is also alleged to help regulate blood sugar levels.
Regular and prolonged use of therapeutic amounts of aged garlic extracts lower blood homocysteine levels and has shown to prevent some complications of diabetes mellitus.
People taking insulin should not consume medicinal amounts of garlic without consulting a physician.
Garlic cloves are used as a remedy for infections (especially chest problems), digestive disorders, and fungal infections such as thrush.
Garlic has been used reasonably successfully in AIDS patients to treat cryptosporidium in an uncontrolled study in China.
It has also been used by at least one AIDS patient to treat toxoplasmosis, another protozoal disease.
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Ginger
Ginger is a tuber that is consumed whole as a delicacy, medicine, or herb. It is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale
The characteristic odor and flavor of ginger is caused by a mixture of zingerone, shogaols and gingerols, volatile oils that compose one to three percent of the weight of fresh ginger. In laboratory animals, the gingerrols increase the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and have analgesic, sedative, antipyretic and antibacterial properties..
The pungent taste of ginger is due to nonvolatile phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, particularly gingerols and shogaols, which form from gingerols when ginger is dried or cooked.
Zingerone is also produced from gingerols during this process; this compound is less pungent and has a spicy-sweet aroma.
Medicinal use
The medical form of ginger historically was called Jamaica ginger; it was classified as a stimulant and carminative, and used frequently for dyspepsia, gastroparesis, slow motility symptoms, constipation, and colic.
was also frequently employed to disguise the taste of medicines
Ginger is on the FDA's "generally recognized as safe" list, though it does interact with some medications, including warfarin.
Ginger is contraindicated in people suffering from gallstones as it promotes the production of bile.
Ginger may also decrease pain from arthritis, though studies have been inconsistent, and may have blood thinning and cholesterol lowering properties that may make it useful for treating heart disease
Folk medicine
A variety of uses are suggested for ginger.
Tea brewed from ginger is a folk remedy for colds.
Three to four leaves of tulsi taken with a piece of ginger on an empty stomach is considered an effective cure for congestion, cough and cold.
Ginger ale and ginger beer have been recommended as stomach settlers for generations in countries where the beverages are made, and ginger water was commonly used to avoid heat cramps in the United States. In China, "ginger eggs" (scrambled eggs with finely diced ginger root) is a common home remedy for coughing.
The Chinese also make a kind of dried ginger candy that is fermented in plum juice and sugared, which is also commonly consumed to suppress coughing. Ginger has also been historically used to treat inflammation, which several scientific studies support, though one arthritis trial showed ginger to be no better than a placebo or ibuprofen for treatment of osteoarthritis. Research on rats suggests that ginger may be useful for treating diabetes
Arabic, ginger is called zanjabil, and in some parts of the Middle East, ginger powder is used as a spice for coffee and for milk, as well. In Somaliland, ginger is called sinjibil, and is served in coffee shops in Egypt.
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Ginger is contraindicated in people suffering from gallstones as it promotes the production of bile.
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