Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis : i
example : i
a) Anti-metabolite like methotrexate
b) Alkylating agents like chlorambucil & cyclophosphamide
c) Thalidomid
e & aflatoxin
Inhibition of certain enzymes; i
examples
a) methotrexate inhibit Dehydrofolate Reductase 9 DHF) enzyme
b) 5-fluro uracil inhibit thymydlate synthetase
c) 6 -amino nicotinamide inhibit glucose -6_ phosphate dehydrogenase
Deficiency of energy supply
example
a) hypoglycemic agents, , CO , CN
b) 6-amino nicotinamide inhibit G-6-P-DH enzyme so affect glycolysis so decrease glucose so decrease energy
c) 5-fluro uracil inhibit Kreb,s Cycle
substrate deficiency
defeciency of essential substances for placenta like ZN & folic acid may lead to malformation
change in osmotic pressure :
increase in osmotic pressure of fluids around fetus , decreases fluid amount , may lead to death of fetus as in hypoxia
لكن اهم الاسباب لاحداث التشوهات جنينيه عاملين مهمين وتاثيرهم اوضح الا وهما .........
MUTATIONS
"change in genetic characters "

20-30 % of congenital malformation ) i
caused by X-rays , chemicals & atomic explosion ,radiation , cytotoxic drugs
can lead to mental retardation & malformation
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION
" change in number or structure of chromosome
caused by radiation , hypothyrodism & diabetes
التعليقات
لكن في بداية التكون الجنيني تكون الطفرات و الانحرافات الصبغية هي المسؤولة عن التشوهات و فيما بعد تكون الاليات الاخرى هي المسؤولة
بانتظار المزيد دكتورة
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