CLASS A
Degree of teratogenicity
Adequate & well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy ( & there is no evidence of risk in later trimester ) .i
example
folic acid , thyroid hormones
CLASS B
Degree of terratogenicity
animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus & there are no adequate & well-controlled studies in pregnant women
example
[align=left]paracetamol , erythromycin , cephalosporines & penicillin
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CLASS C
Degree of teratogenicity
animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus & there are no adequate & well controlled studies in human , But potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant woman despite potential risks
( drugs of category C has Benefits > Risks )i
example
heparin , ketoconazole , NSAIDS , acyclovir , labetalol , nifedipine , ACEI
CLASS D
Dgree of teratogenicity
there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studien in human , but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant woman despite potential risks
if the drug is needed in a life-threatning situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or ineffective
example
tetracycline , only used for life saving , glyburide , diazepam , aspirin
CLASS X
Degree of teratogenicity
studies in animal or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities & \or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience , & the risk involved in the use of the drug in pregnant woman clearly outweigh potential benefits
example
cytotoxic drugs , thalidomide , warfarin , isotrirntoin , oral contraceptive , lovastatin
رد مع اقتباس
الملف الشخصي
مشاهدة مشاركات المنتدى
رسالة خاصة
زيارة الصفحة الرئيسية
