Octreotide

dr.joandr.joan عضو ماسي
تم تعديل 2009/07/07 في أدوية الطوارئ Emergency drugs
Octreotide :
Trade names: Sandostatin
Class: Antidiarrheals, hormones
Pregnancy: (Category B)
Action:
  • Suppresses secretion of serotonin and gastroenterohepatic peptides
  • Increases absorption of fluid and electrolytes from the GI tract and increases transit time
  • Decreases levels of serotonin metabolites
  • Also suppresses growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
  • Therapeutic Effects:
    • Control of severe flushing and diarrhea associated with GI endocrine tumors.
Uses:
  • Treatment of severe diarrhea and flushing episodes in patients with GI endocrine tumors, including metastatic carcinoid tumors and vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors (VIPomas).
  • Unlabelled Uses:
    • Relief of symptoms and suppressed tumor growth in patients with pituitary tumors associated with acromegaly
    • Management of diarrhea in AIDS patients or patients with fistulas.
Dose:
prophylaxis following pancreatic trauma or surgery subcutaneous every 8 hours, 100 mic/kg
In esophageal varices 50-100 mic IV injection then infusion of 25 – 50 mic/hour for 2-3 days
Contraindications:
  • Hypersensitivity.
Use Cautiously in:
  • Gallbladder disease (increased risk of stone formation)
  • Renal impairment (dosage reduction may be necessary)
  • Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia (changes in blood sugar may occur)
  • Fat malabsorption (may be aggravated)
  • Pregnancy or lactation (safety not established).
Side effects:
§ CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, weakness.
§ EENT: visual disturbances.
§ CV: edema, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations.
§ GI: abdominal pain, cholelithiasis, diarrhea, fat malabsorption, nausea, vomiting.
§ Derm: flushing.
§ Endo: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia.
§ Local: injection site pain.
Nursing considerations:
§ Sandostatin ampoules and multi-dose vials should be stored at refrigerated temperatures 2-8°C (36-46°F) and protected from light.
§ Because the drug may result in hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia monitor blood glucose level for the pt.
§ Cardiac conduction abnormalities have also occurred during treatment with Sandostatin so the nurse should monitor the pt's vital signs , ECG…etc.

التعليقات

  • تم تعديل 2009/07/07
    إذا هو مضاد للاسهال ولكن في حالات خاصة