Octreotide

[dr.joan]

Octreotide :

Trade names: Sandostatin

Class:Antidiarrheals, hormones

Pregnancy: (Category B)

Action:

• Suppresses secretion of serotonin and gastroenterohepatic peptides
• Increases absorption of fluid and electrolytes from the GI tract and increases transit time
• Decreases levels of serotonin metabolites
• Also suppresses growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
• Therapeutic Effects:
  • Control of severe flushing and diarrhea associated with GI endocrine tumors.

Uses:

• Treatment of severe diarrhea and flushing episodes in patients with GI endocrine tumors, including metastatic carcinoid tumors and vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors (VIPomas).
• Unlabelled Uses:
  • Relief of symptoms and suppressed tumor growth in patients with pituitary tumors associated with acromegaly
  • Management of diarrhea in AIDS patients or patients with fistulas.

Dose:

prophylaxis following pancreatic trauma or surgery subcutaneous every 8 hours, 100 mic/kg

In esophageal varices 50-100 mic IV injection then infusion of 25 – 50 mic/hour for 2-3 days

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity.

Use Cautiously in:

• Gallbladder disease (increased risk of stone formation)
• Renal impairment (dosage reduction may be necessary)
• Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia (changes in blood sugar may occur)
• Fat malabsorption (may be aggravated)
• Pregnancy or lactation (safety not established).

Side effects:

§ CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, weakness.

§ EENT: visual disturbances.

§ CV: edema, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations.

§ GI: abdominal pain, cholelithiasis, diarrhea, fat malabsorption, nausea, vomiting.

§ Derm: flushing.

§ Endo: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia.

§ Local: injection site pain.

Nursing considerations:

§ Sandostatin ampoules and multi-dose vials should be stored at refrigerated temperatures 2-8°C (36-46°F) and protected from light.

§ Because the drug may result in hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia monitor blood glucose level for the pt.

§ Cardiac conduction abnormalities have also occurred during treatment with Sandostatin so the nurse should monitor the pt's vital signs , ECG…etc.

[uhad]

إذا هو مضاد للاسهال ولكن في حالات خاصة