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[dr.joan]

Antibiotics

Type

Drug

Common Uses

Side Effects

Aminoglycosides

• Amikacin
• Gentamicin
• Kanamycin
• Neomycin
• Netilmicin
• Streptomycin
• Tobramycin

Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella

• Hearing loss
• Dizziness
• Kidney damage

Carbecephem

Loracarbef

Carbapenems

• Ertapenem
• Imipenem/ cilastatin
• Meropenem

Gangrene, sepsis, pneumonia, abdominal and urinary infections, and (except for ertapenem)Pseudomonas infections

• Seizures
• Confusion

Cephalosporins, 1st generation

• Cefadroxil
• Cefazolin
• Cephalexin

Skin and soft tissue infections

• Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
• Nausea
• Allergic reactions

Cephalosporins, 2nd generation

• Cefaclor
• Cefamandole
• Cephalexin
• Cefoxitin
• Cefprozil
• Cefuroxime

Some respiratory and abdominal infections

• Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
• Nausea
• Allergic reactions

Cephalosporins, 3rd generation

• Cefixime
• Cefdinir
• Cefditoren
• Cefoperazone
• Cefotaxime
• Cefpodoxime
• Ceftazidime
• Ceftibuten
• Ceftizoxime
• Ceftriaxone

Broad coverage of many bacteria for people with mild-to-moderate infections (oral) and serious illness (by injection

• Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
• Nausea
• Allergic reactions

Cephalosporins, 4th generation

Cefepime

Serious infections, particularly in people with a weakened immune system

• Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
• Nausea
• Allergic reactions

Macrolides

• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Dirithromycin
• Erythromycin
• Troleandomycin

Streptococcal infections, syphilis, respiratory infections, myoplasmal infections, Lyme disease

• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses)
• Jaundice

Monobactam

Aztreonam

Infections caused by gram-negative bacteia

Allergic reacions

Penicillins

• Amoxicillin
• Ampicillin
• Carbenicillin
• Cloxacillin
• Dicloxacillin
• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin
• Penicillin G
• Penicillin V
• Piperacillin
• Ticarcillin

Wide range of infections; penicillin used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease

• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions
• Brain and kidney damage (rare)

Polypeptides

• Bacitracin
• Colistin
• Polymyxin B

Ear, eye, skin, or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the skin or eye; rarely given by injection

Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection

Quinolones

• Ciprofloxacin
• Enoxacin
• Gatifloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Lomefloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• Norfloxacin
• Ofloxacin
• Trovafloxacin

Urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, bacterial diarrhea, gonorrhea

• Nausea (rare)
• Nervousness, tremors, seizures
• Inflammation or rupture of tendons

Sulfonamides

• Mafenide
• Sulfacetamide
• Sulfamethizole
• Sulfasalazine
• Sulfisoxazole
• Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole

Urinary tract infections (except sulfasalazine, sulfacetamide, and mafenide); mafenide is used topically for burns

• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Allergy (including skin rashes)
• Crystals in urine (rare)
• Decrease in white blood cell count
• Sensitivity to sunlight

Tetracyclines

• Demeclocycline
• Doxycycline
• Minocycline
• Oxytetracycline
• Tetracycline

Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, rickettsial infections

• Gastrointestinal upset
• Sensitivity to sunlight
• Staining of teeth
• Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy

Miscellaneous antibiotics

Chloramphenicol

Typhoid and other Salmonella infections, meningitis

Severe decrease in white blood cell count (rare

Clindamycin

Streptococcal and staphyloccocal infections, respiratory infections, lung abscess

Severe diarrhea

Ethambutol

Tuberculosis

Vision disturbances

Fosfomycin

Bladder infections

Diarrhea

Isoniazid

Tuberculosis

• Nausea and vomiting
• Jaundice

Linezolid

Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics

• Nausea
• Headache
• Diarrhea
• Low platelet count

Metronidazole

Vaginitis caused by Trichomonas or Gardnerella; pelvic and abdominal infections

• Nausea
• Headache (especially if taken with alcohol)
• Metallic taste
• Dark urine

Nitrofurantoin

Urinary tract infections

• Nausea and vomiting
• Allergy

Pyrazinamide

Tuberculosis

• Liver dysfunction
• Gout (occasional)

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics

Aching muscles and joints

Rifampin

Tuberculosis and leprosy

• Rash
• Liver dysfunction
• Red-orange saliva, sweat, tears, and urine

Spectinomycin

Gonorrhea

• Allergy
• Fever

Vancomycin

Serious infections resistant to other antibiotics

Flushing, itching

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