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Sodium Acetate
Pronunciation
Generic Available
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Warnings/Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Stability
Usual Dosage
Administration
Nursing Implications
Dosage Forms

Pronunciation
(SOW dee um AS e tate)

Generic Available

Yes


Pharmacological Index

Electrolyte Supplement, Parenteral


Use

Sodium source in large volume I.V. fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia in patients with restricted intake; used to counter acidosis through conversion to bicarbonate


Pregnancy Risk Factor

C


Contraindications

Alkalosis, hypocalcemia, low sodium diets, edema, cirrhosis


Warnings/Precautions

Avoid extravasation, use with caution in patients with hepatic failure


Adverse Reactions

1% to 10%:

Dermatologic: Chemical cellulitis at injection site (extravasation)

Endocrine & metabolic: Hypernatremia, dilution of serum electrolytes, overhydration, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia

Gastrointestinal: Gastric distension, flatulence

Local: Phlebitis

Respiratory: Pulmonary edema

Miscellaneous: Congestive conditions


Stability

Protect from light, heat, and from freezing; incompatible with acids, acidic salts, alkaloid salts, calcium salts, catecholamines, atropine


Usual Dosage

Sodium acetate is metabolized to bicarbonate on an equimolar basis outside the liver; administer in large volume I.V. fluids as a sodium source. Refer to Sodium Bicarbonate monograph.

Daily requirements: 3-4 mEq/kg/24 hours or 25-40 mEq/1000 kcal/24 hours

Maximum: 100-150 mEq/24 hours


Administration

Must be diluted prior to I.V. administration; infusion hypertonic solutions (>154 mEq/L) via a central line; maximum rate of administration: 1 mEq/kg/hour


Nursing Implications

Sodium and acetate content of 1 g: 7.3 mEq


Dosage Forms

Injection: 2 mEq/mL (20 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL); 4 mEq/mL (50 mL, 100 mL)


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