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Pronunciation |
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(SOW
dee um AS e
tate) |
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Generic
Available |
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Yes |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Electrolyte Supplement, Parenteral |
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Use |
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Sodium source in large volume I.V. fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia
in patients with restricted intake; used to counter acidosis through conversion
to bicarbonate |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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C |
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Contraindications |
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Alkalosis, hypocalcemia, low sodium diets, edema,
cirrhosis |
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Warnings/Precautions |
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Avoid extravasation, use with caution in patients with hepatic
failure |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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1% to 10%:
Dermatologic: Chemical cellulitis at injection site (extravasation)
Endocrine & metabolic: Hypernatremia, dilution of serum electrolytes,
overhydration, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia
Gastrointestinal: Gastric distension, flatulence
Local: Phlebitis
Respiratory: Pulmonary edema
Miscellaneous: Congestive conditions |
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Stability |
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Protect from light, heat, and from freezing; incompatible with acids,
acidic salts, alkaloid salts, calcium salts, catecholamines,
atropine |
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Usual Dosage |
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Sodium acetate is metabolized to bicarbonate on an equimolar basis outside
the liver; administer in large volume I.V. fluids as a sodium source. Refer to
Sodium Bicarbonate monograph.
Daily requirements: 3-4 mEq/kg/24 hours or 25-40 mEq/1000 kcal/24 hours
Maximum: 100-150 mEq/24 hours |
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Administration |
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Must be diluted prior to I.V. administration; infusion hypertonic solutions
(>154 mEq/L) via a central line; maximum rate of administration: 1
mEq/kg/hour |
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Nursing
Implications |
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Sodium and acetate content of 1 g: 7.3 mEq |
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Dosage Forms |
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Injection: 2 mEq/mL (20 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL); 4 mEq/mL (50 mL, 100
mL) |
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