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Pipecuronium
Pronunciation
U.S. Brand Names
Generic Available
Synonyms
Pharmacological Index
Use
Pregnancy Risk Factor
Contraindications
Warnings/Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage/Toxicology
Drug Interactions
Stability
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Usual Dosage
Administration
Nursing Implications
Dosage Forms
References

Pronunciation
(pi pe kur OH nee um)

U.S. Brand Names
Arduan®

Generic Available

No


Synonyms
Pipecuronium Bromide

Pharmacological Index

Neuromuscular Blocker Agent, Nondepolarizing


Use

Adjunct to general anesthesia, to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation; recommended only for procedures anticipated to last 90 minutes or longer


Pregnancy Risk Factor

C


Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to pipecuronium or bromide


Warnings/Precautions

Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, obesity, cardiovascular disease, myasthenia gravis, myasthenic syndrome, and in the elderly


Adverse Reactions

1% to 10%: Cardiovascular: Hypotension, bradycardia

<1%: Atrial fibrillation, myocardial ischemia, thrombosis, hypertension, ventricular extrasystole, CNS depression, urticaria, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, muscle atrophy, anuria, respiratory depression, dyspnea


Overdosage/Toxicology

Support ventilation by artificial means; paralysis including cessation of respiration


Drug Interactions

Increased effect with enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, ketorolac, quinidine, succinylcholine


Stability

Compatible with D5W, 0.9% sodium chloride, D5 0.9% sodium chloride, LR, sterile and bacteriostatic water for injection


Mechanism of Action

Pipecuronium bromide is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent structurally related to pancuronium and vecuronium. Studies in adult patients have demonstrated that pipecuronium is ~20% to 50% more potent than pancuronium as a neuromuscular blocking agent. The neuromuscular effects and pharmacokinetics of pipecuronium appears to lack vagolytic or autonomic activity and produces minimal cardiovascular effects.


Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

Onset of action: Effective neuromuscular blockade is generally observed within 2-3 minutes

Metabolism: In the liver primarily to 3-desacetyl-pipecuronium

Half-life, elimination: 2-2.5 hours

Elimination: Renally (40% unchanged drug)


Usual Dosage

I.V.:

3 months to 1 year: Adult dosage

1-14 years: May be less sensitive to effects

Adults: Dose is individualized based on ideal body weight, ranges are 85-100 mcg/kg initially to a maintenance dose of 5-25 mcg/kg

Dosing adjustment in renal impairment:

Clcr 61-80 mL/minute: 70 mcg/kg

Clcr 41-60 mL/minute: 55 mcg/kg

Clcr <40 mL/minute: 50 mcg/kg

Extended duration should be expected


Administration

Not recommended for dilution into or administration from large volume I.V. solutions


Nursing Implications

Not recommended for dilution into or administration from large volume I.V. solutions


Dosage Forms

Injection, as bromide: 10 mg (10 mL)


References

Khuenl-Brady KS, Reitstatter B, Schlager A, et al, "Long-Term Administration of Pancuronium and Pipecuronium in the Intensive Care Unit," Anesth Analg, 1994, 78(6):1082-6.

Larijani GE, Bartkowski RR, Azod SS, et al, "Clinical Pharmacology of Pipecuronium Bromide," Anesth Analg, 1989, 68(6):734-9.


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