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Pronunciation |
|
(naf
AZ oh
leen) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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AK-Con® Ophthalmic; Albalon®
Liquifilm®
Ophthalmic; Allerest® Eye Drops [OTC]; Clear Eyes®[OTC];
Comfort® Ophthalmic [OTC]; Degest® 2 Ophthalmic [OTC];
Estivin® II Ophthalmic [OTC]; I-Naphline® Ophthalmic;
Nafazair® Ophthalmic; Naphcon Forte® Ophthalmic;
Naphcon® Ophthalmic [OTC]; Opcon® Ophthalmic;
Privine® Nasal [OTC]; VasoClear® Ophthalmic [OTC]; Vasocon
Regular®
Ophthalmic |
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Generic
Available |
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Yes |
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Synonyms |
|
Naphazoline Hydrochloride |
|
|
Pharmacological Index |
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Alpha1 Agonist; Ophthalmic Agent,
Vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Use |
|
Topical ocular vasoconstrictor; will temporarily relieve congestion, itching,
and minor irritation, and to control hyperemia in patients with superficial
corneal vascularity; treatment of nasal congestion; adjunct for
sinusitis |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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C |
|
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to naphazoline or any component, narrow-angle glaucoma,
prior to peripheral iridectomy (in patients susceptible to angle
block) |
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Warnings/Precautions |
|
Rebound congestion may occur with extended use; use with caution in the
presence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, heart disease, coronary
artery disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis, or long-standing bronchial
asthma |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Dizziness, headache, nervousness
Gastrointestinal: Nausea
Local: Transient stinging, nasal mucosa irritation, dryness, rebound
congestion
Ocular: Mydriasis, increased intraocular pressure, blurring of vision
Respiratory: Sneezing |
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Overdosage/Toxicology |
|
Symptoms of overdose include CNS depression, hypothermia, bradycardia,
cardiovascular collapse, apnea, coma
Following initiation of essential overdose management, toxic symptoms should
be treated. The patient should be kept warm and monitored for alterations in
vital functions. Seizures commonly respond to diazepam (5-10 mg I.V. bolus in
adults every 15 minutes if needed up to a total of 30 mg; I.V. 0.25-0.4
mg/kg/dose up to a total of 10 mg for children) or to phenytoin or
phenobarbital. Hypotension should be treated with fluids. |
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
Increased toxicity: Anesthetics (discontinue mydriatic prior to use of
anesthetics that sensitize the myocardium to sympathomimetics, ie, cyclopropane,
halothane), MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants
hypertensive reactions |
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Stability |
|
Store in tight, light-resistant containers |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the conjunctiva
and the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Onset of decongestant action: Topical: Within 10 minutes
Duration: 2-6 hours
Elimination: Not well defined |
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Usual Dosage |
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Nasal:
Children:
<6 years: Intranasal: Not recommended (especially infants) due to CNS
depression
6-12 years: 1 spray of 0.05% into each nostril every 6 hours if necessary;
therapy should not exceed 3-5 days
Children >12 years and Adults: 0.05%, instill 1-2 drops or sprays every 6
hours if needed; therapy should not exceed 3-5 days
Ophthalmic:
Children <6 years: Not recommended for use due to CNS depression
(especially in infants)
Children >6 years and Adults: Instill 1-2 drops into conjunctival sac of
affected eye(s) every 3-4 hours; therapy generally should not exceed 3-4 days
|
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
|
May cause nervousness or dizziness |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
|
TCAs and MAOIs may potentiate the pressor response of decongestants; monitor
for changes in response |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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No effects or complications reported |
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Patient
Information |
|
Do not use discolored solutions; discontinue eye drops if visual changes or
ocular pain occur; notify physician of insomnia, tremor, or irregular heartbeat;
stinging, burning, or drying of the nasal mucosa may occur; do not use beyond 72
hours |
|
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Nursing
Implications |
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Rebound congestion can result with continued use |
|
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Dosage Forms |
|
Solution, as hydrochloride:
Drops: 0.05% (20 mL)
Spray: 0.05% (15 mL)
Ophthalmic: 0.012% (7.5 mL, 30 mL); 0.02% (15 mL); 0.03% (15 mL); 0.1% (15
mL) |
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