No

Diuretic, Osmotic; Ophthalmic Agent, Antiglaucoma; Ophthalmic Agent, Osmotic

Short-term emergency treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma and short-term reduction of intraocular pressure prior to and following intraocular surgery; may be used to interrupt an acute glaucoma attack; preferred agent when need to avoid nausea and vomiting

B

Severe renal disease, anuria, severe dehydration, acute pulmonary edema, severe cardiac decompensation, known hypersensitivity to isosorbide

Use with caution in patients with impending pulmonary edema and in the elderly due to the elderly's predisposition to dehydration and the fact that they frequently have concomitant diseases which may be aggravated by the use of isosorbide; hypernatremia and dehydration may begin to occur after 72 hours of continuous administration. Maintain fluid/electrolyte balance with multiple doses; monitor urinary output; if urinary output declines, need to review clinical status.

1% to 10%:

Central nervous system: Headache, confusion, disorientation

Gastrointestinal: Vomiting

<1%: Syncope, lethargy, vertigo, dizziness, lightheadedness, irritability, rash, hypernatremia, hyperosmolarity, nausea, abdominal/gastric discomfort (infrequently), anorexia, hiccups, thirst

Symptoms of overdose include dehydration, hypotension, hyponatremia

General supportive care, fluid administration, electrolyte balance, discontinue agent

No data reported

Elevates osmolarity of glomerular filtrate to hinder the tubular resorption of water and increase excretion of sodium and chloride to result in diuresis; creates an osmotic gradient between plasma and ocular fluids

Onset of action: Within 10-30 minutes

Peak action: 1-1.5 hours

Duration: 5-6 hours

Distribution: In total body water

Metabolism: Not metabolized

Half-life: 5-9.5 hours

Elimination: By glomerular filtration; see Mechanism of Action

Adults: Oral: Initial: 1.5 g/kg with a usual range of 1-3 g/kg 2-4 times/day as needed

Monitor for signs of dehydration, blood pressure, renal output, intraocular pressure reduction

May cause confusion or disorientation; may rarely cause drowsiness, dizziness, or irritability

None reported

No information available to require special precautions

No effects or complications reported

This is for short-term treatment, it is not for long-term use. Pour over cracked ice and sip. Take all of medication. You may experience frequent urination (maintain adequate hydration); gastric upset (small frequent meals may help); dizziness, drowsiness, or confusion (use caution when driving); or dry mouth (chewing gum, frequent oral care, sucking on lozenges may help). Report difficulty breathing, unrelieved headache, changes in CNS (eg, confusion or disorientation). Consult prescriber if breast-feeding.

Palatability may be improved if poured over ice and sipped

Solution: 45% [450 mg/mL] (220 mL)