|
Pronunciation |
|
(hye
droks oh koe BAL a
min) |
|
|
U.S. Brand
Names |
|
Hydro Cobex®; Hydro-Crysti-12®;
LA-12® |
|
|
Generic
Available |
|
No |
|
|
Canadian Brand
Names |
|
Acti-B12® |
|
|
Synonyms |
|
Vitamin B12 |
|
|
Pharmacological Index |
|
Vitamin, Water Soluble |
|
|
Use |
|
Treatment of pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, increased
B12 requirements due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemorrhage,
malignancy, liver or kidney disease |
|
|
Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
|
A/C (if doses exceed RDA recommendation) |
|
|
Contraindications |
|
Hypersensitivity to cyanocobalamin or any component, cobalt; patients with
hereditary optic nerve atrophy |
|
|
Warnings/Precautions |
|
Some products contain benzoyl alcohol; avoid use in premature infants; an
intradermal test dose should be performed for hypersensitivity; use only if oral
supplementation not possible or when treating pernicious
anemia |
|
|
Adverse
Reactions |
|
1% to 10%:
Dermatologic: Itching
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea
<1%: Peripheral vascular thrombosis, urticaria, anaphylaxis
|
|
|
Drug
Interactions |
|
No data reported |
|
|
Stability |
|
Clear pink to red solutions are stable at room temperature; protect from
light; incompatible with chlorpromazine, phytonadione, prochlorperazine,
warfarin, ascorbic acid, dextrose, heavy metals, oxidizing or reducing agents;
avoid freezing |
|
|
Mechanism of
Action |
|
Coenzyme for various metabolic functions, including fat and carbohydrate
metabolism and protein synthesis, used in cell replication and
hematopoiesis |
|
|
Usual Dosage |
|
Vitamin B12 deficiency: I.M.:
Adults: 30 mcg/day for 5-10 days, followed by 100-200 mcg/month
|
|
|
Administration |
|
Administer I.M. only; may require coadministration of folic
acid |
|
|
Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
|
None noted |
|
|
Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
|
None noted |
|
|
Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
|
No information available to require special precautions |
|
|
Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
|
No effects or complications reported |
|
|
Patient
Information |
|
Use exactly as directed. Pernicious anemia may require monthly injections for
life. Report skin rash; swelling, pain, or redness in extremities; or acute
persistent diarrhea. |
|
|
Nursing
Implications |
|
Therapy is required throughout life; do not administer folic acid instead of
B12 to prevent anemia |
|
|
Dosage Forms |
|
Injection: 1000 mcg/mL (10 mL, 30 mL) |
|
|
References |
|
Cottrell JE, Casthely P, Brodie JD, et al,
"Prevention of Nitroprusside-Induced Cyanide Toxicity With Hydroxocobalamin,"
N Engl J Med, 1978, 298(15):809-11.
Curry SC, Connor DA, and Raschke RA,
"Effect of the Cyanide Antidote Hydroxocobalamin on Commonly Ordered Serum Chemistry Studies,"
Ann Emerg Med, 1994, 24(1):65-7.
Holland MA and Kozlowski LM,
"Clinical Features and Management of Cyanide Poisoning," Clin Pharm,
1986, 5(9):737-41.
Lindenbaum J, Healton EB, Savage DG, et al,
"Neuropsychiatric Disorders Caused by Cobalamin Deficiency in the Absence of Anemia or Macrocytosis,"
N Engl J Med, 1988, 318(26):1720-8.
Olszewski AJ, Szostak WB, Bialkowska M, et al,
"Reduction of Plasma Lipid and Homocysteine Levels by Pyridoxine, Folate, Cobalamin, Choline, Riboflavin, and Troxerutin in Atherosclerosis,"
Atherosclerosis, 1989, 75(1):1-6.
Regland B, Gottfries CG, and Lindstedt G,
"Dementia Patients With Low Serum Cobalamin Concentration: Relationship to Atrophic Gastritis,"
Aging Milano, 1992, 4(1):35-41.
|
|
Copyright © 1978-2000 Lexi-Comp Inc. All Rights Reserved
|