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Pronunciation |
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(klor
fen IR a
meen) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Aller-Chlor®[OTC]; AL-R®[OTC];
Chlo-Amine®[OTC]; Chlorate®[OTC]; Chlor-Pro®[OTC];
Chlor-Trimeton®[OTC]; Telachlor®;
Teldrin®[OTC] |
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Generic
Available |
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Yes |
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Synonyms |
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Chlorpheniramine Maleate; CTM |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Antihistamine |
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Use |
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Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis and other allergic symptoms
including urticaria |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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B |
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine maleate or any component; narrow-angle
glaucoma; bladder neck obstruction; symptomatic prostate hypertrophy; during
acute asthmatic attacks; stenosing peptic ulcer; pyloroduodenal obstruction.
Avoid use in premature and term newborns due to possible association with
SIDS. |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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Genitourinary: Urinary retention
Ocular: Diplopia
Renal: Polyuria
>10%:
Central nervous system: Slight to moderate drowsiness
Respiratory: Thickening of bronchial secretions
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Headache, excitability, fatigue, nervousness,
dizziness
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, xerostomia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, appetite
increase, weight increase
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia, weakness
Respiratory: Pharyngitis |
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Drug
Interactions |
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CYP2D6 enzyme substrate |
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Stability |
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Protect from light |
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Mechanism of
Action |
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Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in
the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory
tract |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Serum half-life: 20-24 hours |
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Usual Dosage |
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Children: Oral: 0.35 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 4-6 hours
2-6 years: 1 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 6 mg in 24 hours
6-12 years: 2 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 12 mg/day or sustained
release 8 mg at bedtime
Children >12 years and Adults: Oral: 4 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed
24 mg/day or sustained release 8-12 mg every 8-12 hours, not to exceed 24 mg/day
Adults: Allergic reactions: I.M., I.V., S.C.: 10-20 mg as a single dose;
maximum recommended dose: 40 mg/24 hours
Elderly: 4 mg once or twice daily. Note: Duration of action may be 36
hours or more when serum concentrations are low.
Hemodialysis: Supplemental dose is not necessary |
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Dietary
Considerations |
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May be taken with food or water |
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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Drowsiness is common; may cause excitability, nervousness, fatigue, or
depression |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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Dry mouth and sedation may be exacerbated by concurrent psychotropic
use |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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Chronic use of antihistamines will inhibit salivary flow, particularly in
elderly patients; this may contribute to periodontal disease and oral
discomfort |
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Patient
Information |
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May cause drowsiness; swallow whole, do not crush or chew sustained release
product; avoid alcohol, may impair coordination and
judgment |
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Nursing
Implications |
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Raise bed rails, institute safety measures, assist with ambulation; dilute in
NS or dextrose; infuse I.V. slowly; the 100 mg/mL injection is not for I.V.
use
Stability: Incompatible when mixed in same syringe with calcium
chloride, kanamycin, norepinephrine, pentobarbital |
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Dosage Forms |
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Capsule, as maleate: 12 mg
Capsule, as maleate, timed release: 8 mg, 12 mg
Injection, as maleate: 10 mg/mL (1 mL, 30 mL); 100 mg/mL (2 mL)
Syrup, as maleate: 2 mg/5 mL (120 mL, 473 mL)
Tablet, as maleate: 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg
Tablet, as maleate:
Chewable: 2 mg
Timed release: 8 mg, 12 mg |
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