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Pronunciation |
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(ba
kam pi SIL
in) |
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U.S. Brand
Names |
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Spectrobid® |
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Generic
Available |
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No |
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Synonyms |
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Bacampicillin Hydrochloride; Carampicillin Hydrochloride |
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Pharmacological Index |
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Antibiotic, Penicillin |
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Use |
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Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections involving the urinary tract,
skin structure, upper and lower respiratory tract; activity is identical to that
of ampicillin |
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Pregnancy Risk
Factor |
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B |
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Contraindications |
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Hypersensitivity to bacampicillin or any component or
penicillins |
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Warnings/Precautions |
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Use with caution in patients allergic to cephalosporins; modify dosage in
patients with renal impairment; high percentage of patients with infectious
mononucleosis develop a rash during amoxicillin therapy |
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Adverse
Reactions |
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1% to 10%: Gastrointestinal: Gastric upset, diarrhea, nausea
<1%: Rash, pseudomembranous colitis, agranulocytosis, mildly increased
AST, hypersensitivity reactions |
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Overdosage/Toxicology |
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Signs and symptoms: Neuromuscular sensitivity, many beta-lactam containing
antibiotics have the potential to cause neuromuscular hyperirritability or
convulsive seizures
Treatment: Hemodialysis may be helpful to aid in the removal of the drug from
the blood, otherwise most treatment is supportive or symptom directed
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Drug
Interactions |
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Decreased effect of oral contraceptives
Increased levels with probenecid; allopurinol theoretically has has an
additive potential for amoxicillin/ampicillin rash |
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Stability |
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Reconstituted suspension is stable for 10 days when stored in the
refrigerator |
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Mechanism of
Action |
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Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active multiplication
causing cell wall death and resultant bactericidal activity against susceptible
bacteria |
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Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics |
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Protein binding: 15% to 25%
Metabolism: Hydrolyzed to ampicillin
Bioavailability: 80% to 98%
Half-life: 65 minutes, prolonged in patients with impaired renal function
Time to peak serum concentration: Area under the serum concentration time
curve is 40% higher for bacampicillin than after equivalent ampicillin doses
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Usual Dosage |
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Oral:
Children >25 kg and Adults: 400-800 mg every 12 hours
Dosing interval in renal impairment:
Clcr 10-30 mL/minute: Administer every 24 hours
Clcr <10 mL/minute: Administer every 36 hours
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Dietary
Considerations |
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May be administered with meals or on an empty stomach; may mix with milk,
formula, or juice |
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Monitoring
Parameters |
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Renal, hepatic, and hematologic function tests |
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Test
Interactions |
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False-positive urine glucose with
Clinitest® |
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Mental Health: Effects
on Mental Status |
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Penicillins have been reported to cause apprehension, illusions, agitation,
insomnia, depersonalization, and encephalopathy |
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Mental Health:
Effects on Psychiatric
Treatment |
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May produce agranulocytosis; use caution with clozapine and
carbamazepine |
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Dental Health: Local
Anesthetic/Vasoconstrictor
Precautions |
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No information available to require special precautions |
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Dental Health:
Effects on Dental Treatment |
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No effects or complications reported |
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Patient
Information |
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Take oral suspension 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal; report diarrhea
promptly; entire course of medication (10-14 days) should be taken to ensure
eradication of organism; should be taken in equal intervals around-the-clock to
maintain adequate blood levels; may interfere with oral contraceptives, females
should report symptoms of vaginitis |
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Nursing
Implications |
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Assess patient at beginning and throughout therapy for infection; observe for
signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis |
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Dosage Forms |
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Powder for oral suspension, as hydrochloride: 125 mg/5 mL [chemically
equivalent to ampicillin 87.5 mg per 5 mL] (70 mL)
Tablet, as hydrochloride: 400 mg [chemically equivalent to ampicillin 280 mg]
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